Abstract
Phragmites australis, which is widely distributed throughout the world, is often used in the phytoremediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) due to its various mechanisms for survival under extremely harsh conditions. To explore the different responses of different aerial organs of P. australis to stress, soil and plant samples were collected from the AMD-polluted area of the Tongling mining area. The contents of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in the soil and the leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and stems of P. australis as well as the contents/activities of cysteine synthase (CSase), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline (Pro) in the organs were determined. Our results revealed that the leaf sheath had the highest potential to store metals of all the organs. The highest translocation factor (TF) for Fe was observed from the stems to the leaf sheaths. A higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Mn was found in the leaf blades and leaf sheaths, while higher BCFs for Cd and Zn were observed in the stems. The content/activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic stress-resistance substances varied from organ to organ. In general, the leaf sheaths remained almost as or slightly less stress-resistant than the leaf blades. It can be concluded that different plant organs play different roles in stress resistance, and understanding the tolerance mechanism of leaf sheaths to metals is essential for the application of phytoremediation procedures.
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The first author thanks Haojie Zhang for her great help in sampling sites map.
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This study was funded by the Key Research and Development Projects in Anhui Province (Grant No. 201904a020027), and the Major Program for Anhui Agricultural Ecological Environmental Protection and Quality Safety Industrial Technology System (Grant No. AHCYJSTX-15). The authors received subsidization from the Personnel Training Project of the Mining Environmental Restoration and Wetlands Ecological Security Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui University.
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Ziwei Ding made substantive contributions to the experimental processing and data interpreting and wrote the paper; Umar Daraz wrote part of the paper and provided language help. Qingye Sun planned the study and finalized the final draft of manuscript; Qing Fang performed part of the experiments. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ding, Z., Fang, Q., Daraz, U. et al. Physiological responses and metal distributions of different organs of Phragmites australis shoots under acid mine drainage stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 3375–3385 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10700-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10700-8