Abstract
This work aims to synthesize akaganeite nanoparticles (AKNPs) by using microwave and use them to adsorb Congo red dye (CR) from the aqueous solution. The AKNPs with an average particle size of about 50 nm in width and 100 nm in length could be fabricated in 20 min. The effects of pH, CR initial concentration, adsorption time, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process were investigated and the artificial neural network (ANN) was used to analyze the adsorption data. The various ANN structures were examined in training the data to find the optimal model. The structure with training function, TRAINLM; adaptation learning function, LARNGDM; transfer function, LOGSIG (in hidden layer) and PURELIN (in output layer); and 10 neutrons in hidden layer having the highest correlation (R2 = 0.996) and the lowest MSE (4.405) is the optimal ANN structure. The consistency between the experimental data and the data predicted by the ANN model showed that the behavior of the adsorption process of CR onto AKNPs under different conditions can be estimated by the ANN model. The adsorption kinetics was studied by fitting the data into pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model and governed by several steps. The adsorption isotherms at the different temperatures were studied by fitting the data to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The R2 obtained from the Langmuir model was above 0.9 and the highest value in three of four temperatures, suggesting that the adsorption isotherms were the best fit to the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be more than 150 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption of CR onto AKNPs was a spontaneous and endothermic process and physicochemical adsorption. The obtained results indicated the potential application of microwave-synthesize AKNPs for removing organic dyes from aqueous solutions.
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This research is funded by the Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training under grant code B2019-TNA-17.
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VDN conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. HTHN performed the experiment of the synthesis of material and wrote the experimental section. VV analyzed data, designed the graphs, and wrote a part of the “Introduction” section. LTNN performed the experiment of the adsorption study. QMB analyzed data of adsorption study and was a contributor in writing the manuscript. TTK analyzed data and wrote the “Synthesis and characterization of AKNPs” and “Optimization of neural network structure.” All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Nguyen, V.D., Nguyen, H.T.H., Vranova, V. et al. Artificial neural network modeling for Congo red adsorption on microwave-synthesized akaganeite nanoparticles: optimization, kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 9133–9145 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10633-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10633-2