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Insights to the oxidative desulfurization process of fossil fuels over organic and inorganic heterogeneous catalysts: advantages and issues

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Abstract

Strict environmental laws have been put in place around the world to reduce the amount of sulfur in the fuel to reduce the emissions of harmful gases from fuel combustion and improve air quality. Therefore, extensive researches have been undertaken to devise effective processes or to improve the desulfurization processes. Among the desulfurization processes, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process is a promising method to achieve very low and near-zero sulfur content of the fuel. In this process, sulfur compounds are converted to the corresponding sulfone by a catalyst and in the presence of an oxidant. The obtained compounds by polar solvents or adsorbents are removed from the fuel. In recent decades, extensive studies have been carried out on the catalysts used in the oxidative desulfurization process. In this review, a comprehensive survey has been performed on heterogeneous catalysts used in the oxidative desulfurization process. According to the reported researches, the heterogeneous catalysts used can be divided into five groups: ionic liquids, carbon materials, polyoxometalates, transition metal oxides stabilized on porous solid substrates, and metal–organic frameworks. The proposed mechanisms with different catalysts have also been studied in this work.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Alzahra University for its partial financial support.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University, P.O. Box, Tehran, 1993891176, Iran

    Maryam Haghighi & Somayeh Gooneh-Farahani

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  1. Maryam Haghighi
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Correspondence to Maryam Haghighi.

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Highlights

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process was compared with other non-HDS processes.

Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is one of the non-HDS technologies and is being

commercialized.

ODS process is a promising method for the removal of S-compounds from fuel oils in mild conditions.

Investigation of the types of heterogeneous catalysts used and their advantages and disadvantages.

Study of the proposed mechanism of removal of S-compounds from petroleum in different methods of ODS process.

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Haghighi, M., Gooneh-Farahani, S. Insights to the oxidative desulfurization process of fossil fuels over organic and inorganic heterogeneous catalysts: advantages and issues. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 39923–39945 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10310-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10310-4

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