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Graphite/gold nanoparticles electrode for direct protein attachment: characterization and gas sensing application

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 27, pages 43202–43211 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

In this work, graphite/gold nanoparticles (G/AuNPs) were synthesized through a facile chemical method, and its potential application for direct protein attachment for electrochemical detection of carbon monoxide (CO) was investigated. The preparation of G/AuNPs electrodes was optimized by synthesizing the nanoparticles in different concentration of HAuCl4.3H2O at various temperatures. The G/AuNPs electrode was subsequently modified by four types of mercaptopropionic acid, including 1-mercaptopropionic, 3-mercaptopropionic, 6-mercaptopropionic, and 11-mercaptopropionic acid, to achieve the best structure for protein attachment. Visible absorption and electrochemical studies showed that 3-mercaptopropionic acid possesses the best performance regarding the electrical conductivity between electrode and protein redox center. The cyclic voltammetry results revealed that the modified electrode has an appropriate performance for CO detection at very low concentrations while keeping a linear response. The limit of detection for the modified electrode was calculated to be about 0.2 ppb. Finally, the interactions of cytochrome C and carbon monoxides were simulated using molecular dynamics (MD), and the effect of protein conformation changes on the electrochemical signal was thoroughly examined. The simulation results suggested that the proposed electrochemical sensor has an acceptable performance for the detection of CO due to less fluctuation of amino acids near the protein chain in the presence of CO molecules.

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Funding

The authors would like to declare that this investigation was supported by Shahid Beheshti University G.C., research grant. No. 600/1427.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran

    Javad Shabani Shayeh, Yahya Sefidbakht & Meisam Omidi

  2. Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Yazdian

  3. Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA

    Lobat Tayebi

  4. Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK

    Lobat Tayebi

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  1. Javad Shabani Shayeh
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  2. Yahya Sefidbakht
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  4. Fatemeh Yazdian
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  5. Lobat Tayebi
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Correspondence to Javad Shabani Shayeh or Meisam Omidi.

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Shayeh, J.S., Sefidbakht, Y., Omidi, M. et al. Graphite/gold nanoparticles electrode for direct protein attachment: characterization and gas sensing application. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 43202–43211 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10286-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10286-1

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