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Unitary and binary remediations by plant and microorganism on refining oil-contaminated soil

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Abstract

Refining oil contaminants are complex and cause serious harm to the environment. Remediation of refining oil-contaminated soil is challenging but has significant impact in China. Two plant species Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy and Avena sativa L. and one bacterium Bacillus tequilensis ZJ01 were used to investigate their efficiency in remediating the refining oil-polluted soil sampled from an oil field in northern China. The simulated experiments of remediations by A. fragile or A. sativa alone and A. fragile or A. sativa combined with B. tequilensis ZJ01 for 39 days and by B. tequilensis ZJ01 alone for 7 days were performed in the laboratory, with B. tequilensis ZJ01 added before or after the germination of seeds. Seed germination rates and morphological characteristics of the plants, along with the varieties of oil hydrocarbons in the soil, were recorded to reflect the remediation efficiency. The results showed that the contamination was weakened in all experimental groups. A. sativa was more sensitive to the pollutants than A. fragile, and A. fragile was much more resistant to the oil hydrocarbons, especially to aromatic hydrocarbons. Adding B. tequilensis ZJ01 before the germination of seeds could restrain the plant growth while adding after the germination of A. fragile seeds notably improved the remediation efficiency. The degradation rate of oil hydrocarbons by B. tequilensis ZJ01 alone was also considerable. Together, our results suggest that the unitary remediation by B. tequilensis ZJ01 and the binary remediation by A. fragile combined with B. tequilensis ZJ01 added after the germination of seeds are recommended for future in situ remediations.

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Abbreviations

Afr :

Agropyron fragile (Roth) P.Candargy

Asa :

Avena sativa L.

Bte :

Bacillus tequilensis

OS:

Original soil,

FMA:

Fresh mass of the aerial part

FMR:

Fresh mass of the root

LR:

Length of the root

DMA:

Dry mass of the aerial part

DMR:

Dry mass of the root

SH:

Saturated hydrocarbon

AH:

Aromatic hydrocarbon

RH:

Resin

Asp:

Asphaltene

TIC:

Total ion chromatogram

MNR:

Methylnaphthalene rate

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Funding

This study was supported by grants from the National Major Science and Technology Project (2016ZX05050011, 2016ZX05040002), PetroChina Major Strategic Cooperation Projects (ZLZX2020010805, ZLZX2020020405), Forward Looking Foundation of China University of Petroleum-Beijing (ZX20190209), and Beijing Nova Program and Leading Talent Culturing Cooperative Projects (Z161100004916033).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China

    Jia Jia Fei, Yun Yang Wan, Xin Yue He, Zhi Huan Zhang & Yu Xi Ying

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  1. Jia Jia Fei
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  2. Yun Yang Wan
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  3. Xin Yue He
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  4. Zhi Huan Zhang
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  5. Yu Xi Ying
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Correspondence to Yun Yang Wan or Zhi Huan Zhang.

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Fei, J.J., Wan, Y.Y., He, X.Y. et al. Unitary and binary remediations by plant and microorganism on refining oil-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 41253–41264 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10025-6

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