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Toxicity of palm oil mill effluent on the early life stages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758)

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Abstract

Harmful effects of several pollutants have been reported on early life stages of fish. However, the effects of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on fish early life stages are still unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this present study was to elucidate the impact of POME on the early life stages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fertilized eggs of Nile tilapia were exposed to four concentrations of POME (0, 1.565, 2.347, and 3.130 mg/L) in 20 plastic funnels. Each of the control and treatment groups was maintained in five replicates. The cumulative hatching rate, malformation rate, body length, and deformities of larvae were analyzed. Results showed that hatching rate and survival rate of Nile tilapia larvae significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of POME. In contrast to, malformation rate and heart rate were significantly increased. Furthermore, results showed several malformations of Nile tilapia larvae including lordosis, kyphosis, and curved tail when exposed to 1.565 mg/L, 2.347 mg/L, and 3.130 mg/L of POME concentrations. Further research is required to understand the physiological mechanisms of different endpoints in the early stages of Nile tilapia induced by the toxicity of POME.

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Funding

The study was funded by a Research Grant from the Directorate of Research and Community Service, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Republic of Indonesia under the “PKPT 2019” Scheme, Grant no. T/140/E3/RA.00/2019.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Almuslim University, Kabupaten Bireuen, Indonesia

    Muliari Muliari & Yusrizal Akmal

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

    Ilham Zulfahmi

  3. Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

    Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja

  4. Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

    Chairun Nisa

  5. Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, -2202, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

    Kizar Ahmed Sumon

  6. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman

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  1. Muliari Muliari
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  2. Ilham Zulfahmi
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Correspondence to Ilham Zulfahmi.

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Muliari, M., Zulfahmi, I., Akmal, Y. et al. Toxicity of palm oil mill effluent on the early life stages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758). Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 30592–30599 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09410-y

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