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Mobility and accessibility of Zn, Pb, and As in abandoned mine tailings of northwestern Mexico

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 27, pages 26605–26620 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Generation, storage, and management of waste coming from industrial processes are a growing worldwide problem. One of the main contributors is the mining industry, in particular tailings generated by historical mining, which are barely maintained, especially in developing countries. Assessing the impact of a mining site to surrounding soils and ecosystems can be complex, especially when determining mobility and accessibility of the contaminants is required to perform ecological and human health risk assessment. As an effort to obtain information regarding mobility and accessibility of some potentially toxic elements (Zn, Pb, and As) from an historical mining site of northwestern Mexico, the abandoned mine tailings of San Felipe de Jesús in central Sonora and adjacent agricultural soils were investigated. Mobility and accessibility were assessed by means of sequential extraction procedures and using simulated physiological media. Additionally, an assessment of accidental oral intake was calculated considering the bioaccessible fractions. Results show that higher concentrations of contaminants were found in sulfide-rich tailings (Zn = 92,540; Pb = 21,288; As = 19,740 mg kg−1) compared with oxide-rich tailings (Zn = 43,240; Pb = 14,763; As = 13,401 mg kg−1). Concentrations in agricultural soils were on average Zn = 4755, Pb = 2840, and As = 103 mg kg−1. Zinc was mainly recovered from labile fractions in oxide-rich tailings (~ 60%) and in a lower amount from sulfide-rich tailings (~ 30%). Pb and As were mainly associated with residual fractions (80–95%) in both types of tailings. The percentage of mobile fractions (sum of water-soluble, exchangeable, and bound to carbonate fractions) in agricultural soils was as follows: Zn ~ 60%, Pb ~ 15%, and As ~ 70%. Regarding the phytoaccessible fraction, the studied elements in mine tailings and agricultural soil samples exceeded the threshold limits, except for As in agricultural soils. According to data obtained, toxic effects were also calculated. As for daily oral intake for non-carcinogenic effects in adults and children, only Pb and As exceeded reference dose values, especially in children exposed to sulfide-rich tailings and agricultural soils. Regarding carcinogenic effects of Pb and As, most of the samples were above acceptable risk values.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the University of Ljubljana, Biology Faculty, and the University of San Luis Potosi, Trace Elements Laboratory, for analysis support. We are thankful to the themed network of synchrotron light users (RedTULS) and Zacatecas Autonomous University for supporting on attending and presenting earlier results of this investigation. Finally, we are thankful to anonymous reviewers that improved significantly the quality of the manuscript.

Funding

We received financial support from the project DGAPA-PAPIIT IN204918, and partial support from DGAPA-PAPIIT IN113519.

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Affiliations

  1. CONACYT-Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colosio y Madrid s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

    René Loredo-Portales, Blanca González-Méndez & Denisse Archundia-Peralta

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

    Jesús Bustamante-Arce & Héctor Ney González-Villa

  3. Ingeniería en Geociencias, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Av. Ley Federal del Trabajo s/n, Col. Apolo, 83100, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

    Verónica Moreno-Rodríguez

  4. Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colosio y Madrid s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

    Rafael Del Rio-Salas

  5. Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía-LANGEM, Mexico City, Mexico

    Rafael Del Rio-Salas

  6. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colosio y Madrid s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

    Francisco Molina-Freaner

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  1. René Loredo-Portales
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  2. Jesús Bustamante-Arce
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Correspondence to René Loredo-Portales.

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Loredo-Portales, R., Bustamante-Arce, J., González-Villa, H.N. et al. Mobility and accessibility of Zn, Pb, and As in abandoned mine tailings of northwestern Mexico. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 26605–26620 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09051-1

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Keywords

  • Potentially toxic elements
  • Mobility
  • Phytoavailability
  • Oral bioaccessibility
  • Abandoned mine tailings
  • Risk assessment