Skip to main content

Protective potency of ascorbic acid supplementation against cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation induced by triphenyltin on human liver carcinoma cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 27, pages 28890–28898 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Agrochemicals are one the most significant sources of environmental pollution. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are the serious side effects of fungicide. In the current study, I have evaluated acute cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of triphenyltin (TPT) on human hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) cells and the ameliorating effect of ascorbic acid for 24 h. In this experiment, I have exposed HepG2 cells to ascorbic acids (50, 100, and 200 μM) simultaneously and 24 h prior triphenyltin (TPT, 400 ng/ml) exposure for 24 h to determine the protective effect of ascorbic acid by using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and NRU (neutral red uptake) assays. Oxidative stress, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels, was measured in HepG2 cells. The intracellular reactive oxygen species was evaluated using fluorescent probe DCFDA (6-carboxy-2′,7′ dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate). Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of TPT in HepG2 cells were determined using flow cytometry and comet assay. The result of these experiments showed that the TPT compound (400 ng/ml) induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and DNA damage in HepG2 cells.Ascorbic acid reduced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and genotoxicity induced by TPT. Thus, ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant, and it showed a significant protective effect against toxicity induced by TPT in HepG2 cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

References

  • Abdel-Daim MM, El-Ghoneimy A (2015) Synergistic protective effects of ceftriaxone and ascorbic acid against subacute deltamethrin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Ren Fail 37(2):297–304

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali D, Nagpure NS, Kumar S, Kumar R, Kushwaha B (2008) Genotoxicity assessment of acute exposure of chlorpyrifos to freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. Chemosphere 71(10):1823–1831

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antes FG, Becker AG, Parodi TV, Clasen B, Lópes T, Loro VL, Baldisserotto B, Flores EM, Dressler VL (2013) Toxicity of triphenyltin hydroxide to fish. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 65:733–741

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antizar LB (2008) Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment. A Review. Environ Int 34:292–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayala A, Muñoz MF, Argüelles S (2014) Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal. Oxidative Med Cell Longev:360438 31 pages

  • Blokhina O, Virlainen E, Fagerstedt KV (2003) Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen derivative stress: a review. Ann Bot 91:179–194

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borenfreund E, Puerner JA (1985) Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption. Toxicol Lett 24(2–3):119–124

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carraher CE Jr, Roner MR (2009) Organotin Polyethers as Biomaterials. Materials 2:1558–1598

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domico LM, Cooper KR, Bernard LP, Zeevalk GD (2007) Reactive oxygen species generation by the ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide mancozeb and its contribution to neuronal toxicity in mesencephalic cells. Neurotoxicology. 28(6):1079–1091

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frijhoff J, Paul GW, Neven Z, Sean SD, Roland S, David C, Annie RK, Emma LT, Jeannette O, Tatjana R, Ana CG, Antonio C, Daniela W, Henrik EP, Tilman G, Harald HHWS, Pietro G (2015) Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 23(14):1144–1170

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaetke LM, Chow CK (2003) Copper toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology 189:147–163

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao F, Ma N, Zhou H, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang P, Hou H, Wen H, Li L (2016) Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 11:3859–3874

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg RN, Averbuj A, Cledón M, Luzzatto D, Sbarbati Nudelman N (2004) Search for triorganotins along the Mar del Plata (Argentina) marine coast: finding of tributyltin in egg capsules of a snail Adelomelon brasiliana (Lamarck, 1822) population showing imposex effects. Appl Organomet Chem 18:117–123

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan K, Tanabe S (2008) Global contamination by organotin compounds. In: Arai T et al (eds) Ecotoxicology of antifouling biocides. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 39–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannan K, Senthilkumar K, Giesy JP (1999) Occurrence of butyltin compounds in human blood. Environ Sci Technol 33:1776–1779

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N (2010) Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev 4(8):118–126

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markovic Z, Trajkovic V (2008) Biomedical potential of the reactive oxygen species generation and quenching by fullerenes (C60). Biomaterials. 29(26):3561–3573

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moustafa, GG, Khalil, S., Hussein, M M., & Labib, M. The cytotoxic and ultrastructural perturbations of aluminum exposed Nile catfish with special reference to the mitigating effect of vitamin C. Life Sci J. 2012;9(4), 5198-5210

  • Packer L, Fuchs J (1997) Vitamin C in health and disease. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL (1988) A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 175:184–191

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sousa A, Genio L, Mendo S, Barroso CM. Comparison of the 1429 acute toxicity of tributyltin and copper to veliger larvae of 1430 Nassarius reticulatus (L.). Appl Organomet Chem 2005; 19(3): 1431 324–328

  • Sousa ACA, Pastorinho MR, Takahashi S (2013) History on organotin compounds, from snails to humans. Environ Chem Lett 12:117–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Susin SA, Zamzami N, Kroemer G (1998) Mitochondria as regulators of apoptosis: doubt no more. Biochim Biophys Acta 1366(1-2):151–165

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan J, Murrell GAC, Trickett A, Wang MX (2003) Involvement of cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human tendon fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 1641(1):35–41

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was funded by the Supporting Project number (RSP-2019/140), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah A. Alkahtane

Authors
  1. Abdullah A. Alkahtane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdullah A. Alkahtane.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Responsible editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alkahtane, A.A. Protective potency of ascorbic acid supplementation against cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation induced by triphenyltin on human liver carcinoma cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 28890–28898 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08821-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08821-1

Keywords

  • Triphenyltin
  • Genotoxicity
  • Comet assay
  • Ascorbic acid
  • Oxidative stress