Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of urea SCR using Taguchi technique and computational methods

  • Environmental and Energy Management
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Use of biodiesel in diesel engine helps to reduce HC, CO, and smoke emissions due to their enormous oxygen content, whereas NOx emissions formed by Zeldovich mechanism shoot up. Implementation of Bharat Stage (BS) VI by April 2020 in India has created extreme pressure on automobile manufacturers to include after treatment technology in their systems. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR), a NOx control technology, is operated using aqueous urea solution as the reductant. There are several parameters that need to be monitored to enhance the NOx conversion efficiency of SCR retrofit. The uniformity index of ammonia, which determines the conversion efficiency, is greatly influenced by parameters like exhaust gas temperature, injection angle, injector position, mass flow rate, and SCR geometry. This paper considers two types of SCR design, namely SCR with and without mixer design and their impact on NOx reduction. The effect of mass flow rate on urea conversion in SCR design without mixer is 27%, but the impact is reduced greatly in SCR design with mixer with less than 2% variation. The UI resulting from different cases ranges from 0.59 to 0.83. Using Taguchi technique and CFD tool, the impact of parameters on both the SCR designs has been investigated and the optimum SCR design is reported.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

NOx:

Nitrogen oxide, specifically NO and NO2

SCR:

Selective catalytic reduction

EGT:

Exhaust gas temperature

CI:

Compression ignition

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

UI:

Uniformity index

DOE:

Design of experiments

NH3 :

Ammonia gas

PM:

Particulate matter

DOC:

Diesel oxidation catalyst

CSF:

Catalyzed soot filter

DPF:

Diesel particulate filter

UCR:

Urea conversion ratio

References

  • Ansys 18.0, help documentation (2017), Ansys, Inc. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, US

  • Betageri V, Rajagopalan M, Murthy SD, Thondavadi A (2016) Effects of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) injection configurations on deposit formation in the SCR system of a diesel engine (No. 2016-28-0109). SAE Technical Paper

  • Capetillo A, Ibarra F (2017) Multiphase injector modelling for automotive SCR systems: a full factorial design of experiment and optimization. Comput Math Appl 74(1):188–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee D, Koci P, Schmeisser V, Marek M, Weibel M (2010) Modelling of NOx storage+ SCR exhaust gas aftertreatment system with internal generation of ammonia. SAE Int J Fuels Lubr 3(1):500–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Jin Q, Tao X, Pan Y, Gu S, Shen Y (2019) Novel WZrOx/TiO2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 at high temperature. Catal Today

  • Das S, Das K, Abidin Z, Mehta D (2012) Effects of various model parameters in the simulation of a diesel SCR system (No. 2012-01-1297). SAE Technical Paper

  • De Poures MV, Sathiyagnanam AP, Rana D, Kumar BR, Saravanan S (2017) 1-Hexanol as a sustainable biofuel in DI diesel engines and its effect on combustion and emissions under the influence of injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Appl Therm Eng 113:1505–1513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Rudder K (2012) Tier 4 high efficiency SCR for agricultural applications. SAE Int J Commer Veh 5(2012-01-1087):386–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazali WNMW, Mamat R, Masjuki HH, Najafi G (2015) Effects of biodiesel from different feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 51:585–602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haga H, Kojima H, Fukushi N, Ohya N, Mito T (2015) Optimized NH3 storage control for next generation urea-SCR system (No. 2015-01-1024). SAE Technical Paper

  • He BQ (2016) Advances in emission characteristics of diesel engines using different biodiesel fuels. Renew Sust Energ Rev 60:570–586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson CS, Upadhyay D, Van Nieuwstadt M (2017) Selective catalytic reduction control with multiple injectors (No. 2017-01-0943). SAE Technical Paper

  • Kodama Y, Wong VW (2010) Study of on-board ammonia (NH3) generation for SCR operation. SAE Int J Fuels Lubr 3(1):537–555

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon M, Park G, Lim H, Kim J, Lee S, Kim K, Song H (2019) A study on the performance deterioration of SCR for heavy-duty diesel vehicles (No. 2019-01-2235). SAE Technical Paper

  • Mehdi G, Zhou S, Zhu Y, Shah AH, Chand K (2019) Numerical investigation of SCR mixer design optimization for improved performance. Processes 7(3):168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michelin J, Guilbaud F, Guil A, Newbigging I, Jean E, Reichert M et al (2014) Advanced compact SCR mixer: BlueBox (No. 2014-01-1531). SAE Technical Paper

  • Mirhashemi FS, Sadrnia H (2019) NOx emissions of compression ignition engines fueled with various biodiesel blends: a review. J Energy Inst

  • Naseri M, Chatterjee S, Castagnola M, Chen HY, Fedeyko J, Hess H, Li J (2011) Development of SCR on diesel particulate filter system for heavy duty applications. SAE Int J Engines 4(1):1798–1809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naseri M, Aydin C, Mulla S, Conway R, Chatterjee S (2015) Development of emission control systems to enable high NOx conversion on heavy duty diesel engines. SAE Int J Engines 8(3):1144–1151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palash SM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Masum BM, Sanjid A, Abedin MJ (2013) State of the art of NOx mitigation technologies and their effect on the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel-fueled compression ignition engines. Energy Convers Manag 76:400–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Praveena V, Martin LJ (2018a) A review on various after treatment techniques to reduce NOx emissions in a CI engine. J Energy Inst 91(5):704–720

  • Praveena V, Martin LJ (2018b) Design optimization of urea injectors and mixers in a compact SCR system (No. 2018-28-0025). SAE Technical Paper

  • Rajan V, Mallikarjuna, JM, Venkitachalam G (2013) 3-D Numerical study of effect of injection parameters upon the uniformity of ammonia in Urea-SCR (No. 2013-01-2768). SAE Technical Paper.

  • Sajjadi B, Raman AAA, Arandiyan H (2016) A comprehensive review on properties of edible and non-edible vegetable oil-based biodiesel: composition, specifications and prediction models. Renew Sust Energ Rev 63:62–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salanta G, Zheng G, Kotrba A, Rampazzo R, Bergantim L (2010) Optimization of a urea SCR system for on-highway truck applications (No. 2010-01-1938). SAE Technical Paper

  • Samuelsson E, Holmberg S (2013) A CFD study of the urea supply, droplet breakup and mixing in a pipe upstream of a SCR catalyst, Master’s thesis, Chalmers University Of Technology, Sweden

  • Sato S, Sato S, Hosoya M (2013) Improvement of low-temperature performance of the NOx reduction efficiency on the urea-SCR catalysts (No. 2013-01-1076). SAE Technical Paper

  • Shin Y, Jung Y, Cho CP, Pyo YD, Jang J, Kim G, Kim TM (2020) NOx abatement and N2O formation over urea-SCR systems with zeolite supported Fe and Cu catalysts in a nonroad diesel engine. Chem Eng J 381:122751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi G (1987) System of experimental design: engineering methods to optimize quality and minimize costs. Quality Resources, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan L, Feng P, Yang S, Guo Y, Liu S, Li Z (2018) CFD studies on effects of SCR mixers on the performance of urea conversion and mixing of the reducing agent. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 123:82–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiyagarajan S, Geo VE, Martin LJ, Nagalingam B (2018) Combined effect of fuel-design and after-treatment system on reduction of local and global emissions from CI engine. Environ Technol:1–11

  • Tian J, Wang C, Yu F, Zhou X, Zhang J, Yang S et al (2019) Mn-Ce-Fe-Al mixed oxide nanoparticles via a high shear mixer facilitated coprecipitation method for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. Appl Catal A Gen 586:117237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vedagiri P, Martin LJ, Varuvel EG, Subramanian T (2019) Experimental study on NO x reduction in a grapeseed oil biodiesel-fueled CI engine using nanoemulsions and SCR retrofitment. Environ Sci Pollut Res:1–14

  • Wardana MKA, Shahariar GH, Oh K, Lim O (2019) Ammonia uniformity to predict NOx reduction efficiency in an SCR system. Int J Automot Technol 20(2):313–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Tan B, Liu C, Zhang P, Xi D (2015) Study on a versatile liquid dosing device for IC engine after-treatment system. SAE Int J Engines 8(3):1207–1218

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Sharadha Motors, Pvt. Ltd., Mahindra World City for their valuable suggestions in carrying out this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India

    Praveena Vedagiri

  2. Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India

    Leenus Jesu Martin & Edwin Geo Varuvel

Authors
  1. Praveena Vedagiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Leenus Jesu Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Edwin Geo Varuvel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Praveena Vedagiri.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Highlights

• Impact of different parameters on UI of SCR system investigation.

• Design of mixer suits the SCR for a wide temperature window.

• Improvement in UI from 0.67 to 0.935

• Cu zeolite SCR with mixer is a satisfactory after treatment system for reduction of NOx in diesel engines.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vedagiri, P., Martin, L.J. & Varuvel, E.G. Characterization of urea SCR using Taguchi technique and computational methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 11988–11999 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08743-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08743-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation