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Seasonal variation of net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its influencing factors in an apple orchard in the Loess Plateau

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Abstract

The Loess Plateau is the largest apple cultivation region in the world. However, the role of rain-fed apple orchards as carbon sinks or sources, including the dynamic variation and influencing factors, are still unclear. In this study, the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) was monitored by an eddy covariance (EC) system in Loess Plateau apple orchards during 2016–2017. The results demonstrated that the annual NEE was higher in 2016 (− 698.0 g C m−2 year−1) than in 2017 (− 554.0 g C m−2 year−1). Particularly, the amount of orchard CO2 uptake was significantly greater in 2016 (− 772.0 g C m−2) than in 2017 (− 642.1 g C m−2) during the carbon sink period. This difference may be attributed to the higher NEE in 2016 compared to 2017 during the fast and slow growth periods. In addition, a higher daily NEE occurred to the higher air temperature (Ta), which promoted early sprouting in 2016 (− 3.91 g C m−2 day−1) compared to 2017 (− 2.86 g C m−2 day−1) during the fast growth period. The daily NEE in 2016 (− 2.59 g C m−2 day−1) was remarkably higher than that in 2017 (− 1.41 g C m−2 day−1) during the slow growth period, owing to the greater number of cloudy and rainy days and lower temperatures in 2017. Overall, the present study demonstrated the key role played by the amount of precipitation and temperature in regulating the NEE during the growth season and provided accurate quantitative information on the carbon budget in apple orchards.

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Funding

This study was funded by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27), the Sci-tech Coordinating Innovative Engineering Project of Shaanxi Province (2015KJZDNY02-03-02) and the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest in China (Nyhyzx07-024).

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  1. Jianfeng Yang and Yumin Duan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Jianfeng Yang, Yumin Duan, Linlin Wang, Dan Kang & Linsen Zhang

  2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Jianfeng Yang, Yumin Duan, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi & Huike Li

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  1. Jianfeng Yang
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Correspondence to Linsen Zhang.

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Highlights

1. Precipitation amount and temperature regulate the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in an apple orchard.

2. Higher temperature of the budding period significantly increased NEE during the fast growth period.

3. Higher amount of precipitation slightly promoted NEE during the middle growth period.

4. Higher amount of precipitation and lower temperature significantly decreased NEE during the slow growth period.

5. The average annual NEE after measurements for 2 years was 626.0 g C m−2.

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Yang, J., Duan, Y., Wang, L. et al. Seasonal variation of net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its influencing factors in an apple orchard in the Loess Plateau. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 43452–43465 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08526-5

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