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Emerging risk of environmental factors: insight mechanisms of Alzheimer’s diseases

  • Environmental Pollutants and the Risk of Neurological Disorders
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Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders are typically sporadic in nature in addition to usually influenced through an extensive range of environmental factors, lifestyle, and genetic elements. Latest observations have hypothesized that exposure of environmental factors may increase the prospective risk of Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). However, the role of environmental factors as a possible dangerous issue has extended importance concerned in AD pathology, although actual etiology of the disorder is still not yet clear. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the possible correlation between environmental factors and AD, based on the present literature view. Environmental risk factors might play an important role in decelerating or accelerating AD progression. Among well-known environmental risk factors, prolonged exposure to several heavy metals, for example, aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury; particulate air, and some pesticides as well as metal-containing nanoparticles have been participated to cause AD. These heavy metals have the capacity to enhance amyloid β (Aβ) peptide along with tau phosphorylation, initiating amyloid/senile plaques, as well as neurofibrillary tangle formation; therefore, neuronal cell death has been observed. Furthermore, particulate air, pesticides, and heavy metal exposure have been recommended to lead AD susceptibility and phenotypic diversity though epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, this review deliberates recent findings detailing the mechanisms for a better understanding the relationship between AD and environmental risk factors along with their mechanisms of action on the brain functions.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Korea Research Fellowship (KRF) Program (2016H1D3A1908615, 2017H1D3A1A02013844, 2015H1D3A1062189) through the National Research Foundation of Korea and the NRF Research Program (2016M3C7A1913845) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea

    Md Ataur Rahman & Hyewhon Rhim

  2. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh

    Md Ataur Rahman

  3. Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756, Republic of Korea

    Md Saidur Rahman & Myung-Geol Pang

  4. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea

    Md Jamal Uddin

  5. ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh

    Md Jamal Uddin

  6. Anti-Aging Medical Research Center and Glycation Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan

    A. N. M. Mamum-Or-Rashid

  7. Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea

    Hyewhon Rhim

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  1. Md Ataur Rahman
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  2. Md Saidur Rahman
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  3. Md Jamal Uddin
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  4. A. N. M. Mamum-Or-Rashid
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Contributions

This collaboration work was carried out among all the authors. MAR designed outlines and wrote the draft of the manuscript. MSR prepared the figures of the manuscript. MJU and ANMMR wrote some part of the manuscript. MGP reviewed the manuscript. HR proposed original idea and reviewed the scientific contents of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final submitted version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Md Ataur Rahman or Hyewhon Rhim.

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Rahman, M.A., Rahman, M.S., Uddin, M.J. et al. Emerging risk of environmental factors: insight mechanisms of Alzheimer’s diseases. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 44659–44672 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08243-z

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