Abstract
The performance of engine parameters is more influenced with fuel injection strategies namely start of main injection timing (SoMI). An experimental analysis was performed to find the optimum SoMI timing based on performance, emission, and combustion characteristics. Base fuel of diesel and neem biodiesel was used as test fuels. The neem biodiesel was prepared by esterification and transesterification process. It is found from literature that neem biodiesel blend NB20 with diesel gives optimum performance and emission characteristics; therefore, NB20 blend was used for experiments. A variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) compression ignition (CI) engine was used to conduct the experiments. Engine performance parameters were estimated and compared with a base fuel of diesel and with NB20 blends. In this experimentation, fuel injection pressure (FIP) of 800 bar and engine speed of 1700 rpm were considered. SoMI timing was varied from 2° to 10° bTDC with an increment of 2° bTDC timing. Cylinder pressure (CP) and heat release rate (HRR) were estimated and found that are higher for diesel fuel compared to NB20 blend at different SoMI timings. The addition of neem biodiesel NB20 blend to diesel fuel decreases the exhaust emissions except NOx emissions. The BSFC was considerably reduced and BTE was improved almost equivalent to the diesel fuel for NB20. From the results, it is concluded that 10° bTDC SoMI timing provides 13% improvement in BTE, 21% decrement in BSFC, and 7.5% reduction in CO2 emissions.
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Abbreviations
- A/R ratio:
-
Aspect ratio
- bTDC:
-
Before top dead center
- BMEP:
-
Brake mean effective pressure (bar)
- BSFC:
-
Brake-specific fuel consumption (kg/kWh)
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency (%)
- CAD:
-
Crank angle degree
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide (% vol.)
- CRDI:
-
Common rail direct injection
- EGR:
-
Exhaust gas recirculation
- ECU:
-
Electronic control unit
- FIP:
-
Fuel injection pressure (bar)
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbon (ppm)
- HRR:
-
Heat release rate (kJ)
- IMEP:
-
Indicated mean effective pressure (bar)
- KELM:
-
Kernel-based extreme learning machine
- NOx:
-
Oxides of nitrogen (ppm)
- PME:
-
Pongamia oil methyl ester
- SoMI:
-
Start of main injection
- VGT:
-
Variable geometry turbocharger
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The authors wish to acknowledge the support received by way of proof reading from Dr. M.R. Vishwanathan, Assistant Professor of English, Head, Humanities and Social Science Department, NIT Warangal, India.
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Datla, R., Puli, R.K., Velayudhan Parvathy, C. et al. Effect of start of main injection timing on performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a VGT CI engine fueled with neem biodiesel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 11942–11953 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08231-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08231-3