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Biological effects of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) vierh. extracts on physiological, biochemical, and antimicrobial activities against three challenging mosquito vectors and microbial pathogens

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Abstract

Mosquitoes are principal vector of several vector-borne diseases affecting human beings leading to thousands of deaths per year and responsible for transmitting diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis. In the present study, we evaluated the different solvent extracts of mangrove Avicennia marina for their toxicity against larvae of three major mosquito vectors, as well as selected microbial pathogens. The larvicidal mortality of third instars was observed after 24 h. Highest larval mortality was found for the acetone extract of A. marina against Culex quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 0.197 mg/ml; LC90 = 1.5011 mg/ml), Anopheles stephensi (LC50 = 0.176 mg/ml; LC90 = 3.6290 mg/ml), and Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 0.164 mg/ml; LC90 = 4.3554 mg/ml). GC-MS analysis of acetone extract revealed 5 peaks, i.e., 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane (3.229%), eicosanoic acid (40.582%), cis-9-hexadecenal (70.54%), oleic acid (4.646%), and di-N-decylsulfone (5.136%). Parallel to larvicidal assay, sub-lethal dosage acetone extracts severely affected the enzyme regulations (α,β-carboxylesterase, GST and CYP450) of third instars. Larval and pupal durations increased in all treatment sub-lethal dosage (0.127, 0.151, 0.177, and 0.197 mg/ml), whereas egg hatchability and means of fecundity decreased compared to control. The survival rate was reduced statistically in Cx. quinquefasciatus (χ2 = 23.77, df = 1, P = 0.001) in all the treatment dosages as compared to the control. Antimicrobial activity assays showed significant growth inhibition post treatment with acetone and methanol extracts against Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Shigella flexneri. Overall, these results indicated the potential employment of A. marina extracts as a source of natural mosquitocidal and antimicrobial compounds of green-based environment.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India for providing the infrastructural facility for carrying out this research work; also, we would like to thank the Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Periyar University, Salem, VIT-Sophisticated Instrument analysis, Chennai and St. Joseph College, Trichy for sample analysis.

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Author notes

  1. Manohar Vinothkumar, Uthirarajan Karthic and Venkatesan Manigandan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India

    Sengodan Karthi, Manohar Vinothkumar & Uthirarajan Karthic

  2. Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India

    Sengodan Karthi & Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan

  3. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Venkatesan Manigandan & Ramachandran Saravanan

  4. Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600054, India

    Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India

    Chinnaperumal Kamaraj & Muthugounder S. Shivakumar

  6. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Surajit De Mandal

  7. Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India

    Arumugam Velusamy

  8. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai, University, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Patcharin Krutmuang

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  1. Sengodan Karthi
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Correspondence to Sengodan Karthi, Patcharin Krutmuang or Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan.

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Karthi, S., Vinothkumar, M., Karthic, U. et al. Biological effects of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) vierh. extracts on physiological, biochemical, and antimicrobial activities against three challenging mosquito vectors and microbial pathogens. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 15174–15187 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08055-1

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