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Carbaryl residue concentrations, degradation, and major sinks in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

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Abstract

The fate of carbaryl in the Seto Inland Sea (west Japan) was predicted using a mass distribution model using carbaryl concentrations in river and sea water samples, degradation data, and published data. The predicted carbaryl concentrations in water in Kurose River and the Seto Inland Sea were 4.320 and 0.2134 μg/L, respectively, and the predicted concentrations in plankton, fish, and sediment were 0.4140, 2.436, and 1.851 μg/g dry weight, respectively. The carbaryl photodegradation and biodegradation rates were higher for river water (0.330 and 0.029 day−1, respectively) than sea water (0.23 and 0.001 day−1, respectively). The carbaryl photodegradation rates for river and sea water (0.33 and 0.23 day−1, respectively) were higher than the biodegradation rates (0.029 and 0.001 day−1, respectively). The hydrolysis degradation rate for carbaryl in sea water was 0.003 day−1, and the half-life was 231 days. Land (via rivers) was the main source of carbaryl to the Seto Inland Sea. The model confirmed carbaryl is distributed between sediment, plankton, and fish in the Seto Inland Sea. Degradation, loss to the Open Ocean, and sedimentation are the main carbaryl sinks in the Seto Inland Sea, accounting for 43.81, 27.90, and 17.68%, respectively, of total carbaryl inputs. Carbaryl source and sink data produced by the model could help in the management of the negative impacts of carbaryl on aquatic systems and human health.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the JSPS for funding an invitation research fellowship to Professor Aly Derbalah at Hiroshima University, Japan. We thank Natalie Kim, PhD, and Gareth Thomas, PhD, from Edanz Group (www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript. We are also grateful for the support of our laboratory members throughout the study period.

Funding

This research was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (grant number 16KT0149).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, Japan

    Aly Derbalah, Russel Chidya, Chikumbusko Kaonga, Yoko Iwamoto, Kazuhiko Takeda & Hiroshi Sakugawa

  2. Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt

    Aly Derbalah

  3. Department of Water Resources Management and Development, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Mzuzu University, P/Bag 201, Luwinga, Mzuzu, Malawi

    Russel Chidya

  4. Department of Physics and Biochemical Sciences, University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi

    Chikumbusko Kaonga

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  1. Aly Derbalah
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Sakugawa.

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Derbalah, A., Chidya, R., Kaonga, C. et al. Carbaryl residue concentrations, degradation, and major sinks in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 14668–14678 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08010-0

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