Abstract
As an alternative to traditional adsorbents, mesoporous magnetic polypyrrole (MMPPy) was first used as an adsorbent for the removal of acid, neutral, and basic pharmaceutical compounds considered aqueous pollutants. Ibuprofen (IBU, acid), caffeine (CAF, neutral), and bupropion (BUP, basic) were chosen as adsorbates and applied in adsorption studies. They proved to be pH dependent of the aqueous solution and the best results were found at pH 4 for IBU and CAF and pH 7 for BUP and 60 mg was the optimal amount of adsorbent to be used in the studies. Adsorption was extremely fast and the equilibrium was reached up to 180 s. The adsorption data of all analytes could be well interpreted by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the dual-site Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption capacities obtained by the dual-site Langmuir-Freundlich model were 53.67 mg g−1, 16.74 mg g−1, and 24.72 mg g−1 for IBU, CAF, and BUP, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that IBU adsorption becomes spontaneous as temperature increases and CAF and BUP adsorption occurs through a non-spontaneous process. In addition, this study shows endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Analytes were desorbed using an aqueous solution at pH 10 for IBU, pH 7 for CAF, and pH 4 for BUP and then the material was regenerated successfully. The results suggest that MMPPy can be efficiently used in the removal of different organic analytes found in contaminated water.
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Data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgments
Some Brazilian agencies contributed to this work, and the authors thank for their support: CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais), Rede Mineira de Química (RQ-MG) supported by FAPEMIG (Project: REDE-113/10; Project: CEX-RED-0010-14), and Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF).
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This study was also financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
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Pires, B.C., Dutra, F.V.A. & Borges, K.B. Synthesis of mesoporous magnetic polypyrrole and its application in studies of removal of acidic, neutral, and basic pharmaceuticals from aqueous medium. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 6488–6504 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07207-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07207-2