Abstract
The intermittent nature of solar energy is a dominant factor in exploring well-designed thermal energy storages for consistent operation of solar thermal-powered vapor absorption systems. Thermal energy storage acts as a buffer and moderator between solar thermal collectors and generators of absorption chillers and significantly improves the system performance. Vapor absorption chillers are available in half, single, double, and triple-effect modes of operation and operate at temperatures ranging from 75 to 220 °C to produce a cooling effect with COPs ranging from 0.3 to 1.8. Thus, the selection of appropriate solar collectors and thermal energy storages are two significant decisions affecting the consistency of output of a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The present review of state of the art is focused on the appropriate selection, from among different types of solar collectors available to meet the demand of capacity and degree of thermal energy required in operating absorption chillers at optimum performance. Characteristics of various thermal energy storage systems and their integration with solar thermal collectors and absorption chillers are also investigated to meet the demand for heat during non-sunshine hours or periods of low solar intensity. In the latter section, economic feasibility is explored so that a sustainable solar cooling system can be proposed which can work consistently with the best performance throughout its entire life.
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Abbreviations
- CFD:
-
Computational fluid dynamics
- CNT:
-
Carbon nanotubes
- COP:
-
Coefficient of performance
- CPC:
-
Compound parabolic parameter
- CPVT:
-
Concentrated photovoltaic thermal
- DNI:
-
Direct normal irradiance
- EFPC:
-
Evacuated flat plate collector
- EG:
-
Expanded graphite
- ESD:
-
Energy storage density
- ETC:
-
Evacuated tube collector
- FPC:
-
Flat plate collector
- GHI:
-
Global horizontal irradiance
- HDPE:
-
High-density polyethylene
- HTF:
-
Heat transfer fluid
- LFRC:
-
Linear Fresnel’s reflector collector
- LHTES:
-
Latent heat thermal energy storage
- MCT:
-
Micro-concentrating collector
- NPV:
-
Net present value
- PBP:
-
Payback period
- PCM:
-
Phase change material
- PMMA:
-
Polymethylmethacrylate
- PTC:
-
Parabolic trough collector
- PV:
-
Photovoltaic
- PVT:
-
Photovoltaic thermal
- SHTES:
-
Sensible heat thermal energy storage
- SS:
-
Shape stabilized
- STC:
-
Solar thermal collector
- TCES:
-
Thermochemical energy storage
- TES:
-
Thermal energy storage
- T evap :
-
Evaporator temperature
- T gen :
-
Generator temperature
- VAM:
-
Vapor absorption machine
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Sharma, D.K., Sharma, D. & Ali, A.H.H. A state of the art on solar-powered vapor absorption cooling systems integrated with thermal energy storage. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 158–189 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06941-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06941-x