Abstract
To reduce chemical carbon consumption in activated coke technology used for flue gas purification, the carbon consumption mechanism of commercial activated coke in the presence of water vapor was studied. A fixed-bed reactor and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer were combined to study the amount of carbon consumption. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) coupled with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (in situ DRIFT) spectra were used to investigate functional group changes of activated coke. The sources and factors influencing carbon consumption in various adsorption atmospheres and in the N2 regeneration atmosphere were compared. Carbon consumption during the adsorption and regeneration process was mainly due to the release of C–O and C=C groups. The addition of H2O increased the formation of carbonates and carboxylic acids during the adsorption process, which decomposed during the regeneration process, thereby increasing carbon consumption. Carbon consumption was reduced during regeneration in an H2O-SO2 adsorption atmosphere, mainly because of the formation of C–S bonds, which reduced the formation of CO2. The C–N bonds generated in an H2O-NO adsorption atmosphere were decomposed during the regeneration process, thereby increasing carbon consumption. In a complex atmosphere of SO2, NO, NH3, and H2O, SO2 was absorbed by NH3, and the amount of carbon consumption was consistent with that in the NO atmosphere during the regeneration process. The total carbon consumption in various adsorption atmospheres ranged from 85.4 to 125.2 μmol/g. Compared with an anhydrous atmosphere, chemical carbon consumption increased by 6.5–14.3% in the presence of H2O. Chemical carbon consumption was reduced by decreasing the H2O concentrations, which provides a reference concept for reducing the operating cost of the activated coke process in industry.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFC0210203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1810209), and the Industry-School-Research Institution Program of HBIS Group Tangsteel Company.
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Guo, J., Li, Y., Wang, B. et al. Carbon consumption mechanism of activated coke in the presence of water vapor. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 1558–1568 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06747-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06747-x