Abstract
Effect of ferric ions at concentrations typically found in natural waters (0.05 to 1.06 mg L−1) and low H2O2 concentrations (between 0.5 and 17.9 mg L−1) on simulated sunlight-induced (300 W m−2) photo-Fenton degradation at initial neutral pH (7.0) of amoxicillin and diuron in Milli-Q water was studied using an rotatable central composite experimental design 22 with a central and two axial points. H2O2 concentration was the parameter playing the key role on the degradation of both pollutants. Despite that initial pH was 7.0 in Milli-Q water, this latter decreased rapidly in the first minutes, reaching values of 3.5 and 5.0 for diuron and amoxicillin respectively after 15 min of simulated sunlight irradiation. In contrast, in presence of bicarbonate/carbonate (HCO3−/CO3=), fluoride (F−), and humic acids (HAs) at concentrations found often in surface and well waters with ferric ion and H2O2 concentrations of 0.3 and 9.7 and 15.2 mg L−1 respectively, both pollutants exhibited a strong degradation keeping the circumneutral pH. Amoxicillin and diuron degradation byproducts found by HPLC/MS were compatible with HO• and/or CO3–• radical attack. Several photo-induced processes such as photo-Fenton (by dissolved ferric-HA complexes), heterogeneous photocatalysis (by colloidal iron), UV-B H2O2 photolysis, irradiated-dissolved organic matter, and their reactions with pollutants would be the main oxidative route responsible of degradations. These findings demonstrated that it could be possible using iron concentrations often found in natural waters to oxidize via photo-Fenton processes among other events, organic pollutants at natural pH conditions.
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“Fondo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia” provided economic support (grant BPIN2014000100031). J.A. Rengifo-Herrera received from “Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas”-CONICET Argentina economic support (grant PIP 0449).
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Buitrago, J.L., Sanabria, J., Gútierrez-Zapata, H.M. et al. Photo-Fenton process at natural conditions of pH, iron, ions, and humic acids for degradation of diuron and amoxicillin. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 1608–1624 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06700-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06700-y