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Pollutant gas and particulate material emissions in ethanol production in Brazil: social and environmental impacts

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Abstract

The replacement of fossil-based fuels by renewable fuels (biofuels) was proposed in the IPCC report, as an alternative to reduce greenhouse gas emission and reach out to a low-carbon economy. On this perspective, the Brazilian government had implemented a renewable energy program based on the use of ethanol in the transport sector. This work evaluates the scenario of pollutant gas emissions and particulate material that comes from the biomass burning process involved in ethanol production cycle, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil. The gases and particulate material emitted by sugarcane and bagasse burning processes—the last one in energy co-generation mills—were analyzed. A laboratory-controlled burning of both samples was realized in an oven with temperature ramp from 250 to 400 °C, at a regular rate of 50 °C. The gas samples were collected directly from the oven’s exhaust pipe. The particulates obtained were the residual material taken out of the burned samples: a powder with the aspect of soot. A photoacoustic spectroscopy system coupled with quantum cascade laser and electrochemical analyzers was used to measure the emission of polluting gases such as N2O, CO2, CO, NOx (NO, NO2), and SO2 in ppmv range. Fluorescent X-ray spectrometry was applied to evaluate the chemical composition of particulate material, enabling the identification of elements such as Si, Al, Ca, K, Fe, S, P, Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sc, V, Cu, and Sr.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Brazilian agencies of the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for the financial support.

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  1. Laboratory of Physical Sciences, Center for Science and Technology, North Fluminense State University, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil

    Marcelo S. Sthel, Marcenilda A. Lima, Maria P. P. de Castro, Israel Esquef & Marcelo G. da Silva

  2. Chemistry and Technology Laboratory, Higher Institutes of Education CENSA—ISECENSA, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil

    Georgia A. Mothé

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  1. Marcelo S. Sthel
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Sthel, M.S., Mothé, G.A., Lima, M.A. et al. Pollutant gas and particulate material emissions in ethanol production in Brazil: social and environmental impacts. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 35082–35093 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06613-w

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