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The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in muscle tissue of farmed Iranian rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), feed, and water samples collected from the west of Iran: a risk assessment study

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Abstract

The pollution of the environment by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is one of the most important raised concerns. Therefore, the current investigation was devoted to measuring the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), elemental mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in muscle tissue of farmed rainbow trout (n = 30) as well as their feed (n = 15) and water (n = 15) samples collected from farms (Hamadan Province, Iran) by the aid of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Also, the associated risk for human and biomagnification factor (BMF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) for PTEs in the fish muscle through feed and water were calculated. The mean concentration of Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Cu in rainbow trout muscle was reported as 0.056 ± 0.040 μg g−1 wet weight, <LOD, 0.014 ± 0.016 μg g−1 wet weight, 0.140 ± 0.188 μg g−1 wet weight, 1.051 ± 0.909 μg g−1 wet weight, 0.635 ± 0.725 μg g−1 wet weight, and 0.275 ± 0.325 μg g−1 wet weight, respectively, while all of the samples were contaminated in the concentrations below the permitted limits by regulatory bodies such as EC, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and WHO/FAO. No significant difference between the amounts of PTEs among the collected feed and water samples was noted, while the corresponded values for PTE concentrations also were lower than the allowable limits. The values of BMF and BCF for all analyzed PTEs through water and feed were lower than 1000, demonstrating that the rainbow trout muscle could not be considered as a bioaccumulative tissue for PTEs. Additionally, no health risk due to ingestions of investigated PTEs via consumption of this rainbow trout fish was noted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Ali Heshmati

  2. College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Rafieh Sadati & Mehrdad Ghavami

  3. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), ​Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal: 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil

    Amin Mousavi Khaneghah

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  1. Ali Heshmati
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Heshmati, A., Sadati, R., Ghavami, M. et al. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in muscle tissue of farmed Iranian rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), feed, and water samples collected from the west of Iran: a risk assessment study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 34584–34593 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06593-x

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