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Magnetic palm kernel biochar potential route for phenol removal from wastewater

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Abstract

The pollution of water resources due to the disposal of industrial wastes that have organic material like phenol is causing worldwide concern because of their toxicity towards aquatic life, human beings and the environment. Phenol causes nervous system damage, renal kidney disease, mental retardation, cancer and anaemia. In this study, magnetic palm kernel biochar is used for removal of phenol from wastewater. The effect of parameters such as pH, agitation speed, contact time and magnetic biochar dosage are validated using design of experiments. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal (93.39%) of phenol are obtained at pH of 8, magnetic biochar dosage of 0.6 g, agitation speed at 180 rpm and time of 60 min with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacities of phenol were found to be 10.84 mg/g and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models match the experimental data very well and adsorption kinetic obeys a pseudo-second order. Hence, magnetic palm kernel can be a potential candidate for phenol removal from wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from Curtin University Malaysia and Sunway University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Muhammad Nazmi Hairuddin & Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak

  2. Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohammad Khalid

  3. Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra (Jalan Semarak), 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Ezzat Chan Abdullah

  4. Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Rashmi Walvekar

  5. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Mukim Gadong A, Brunei Darussalam

    Rama Rao Karri

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  1. Muhammad Nazmi Hairuddin
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  2. Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
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Correspondence to Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, Mohammad Khalid or Ezzat Chan Abdullah.

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Hairuddin, M.N., Mubarak, N.M., Khalid, M. et al. Magnetic palm kernel biochar potential route for phenol removal from wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 35183–35197 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06524-w

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