Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Artificially prepared Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)—an experimental investigation on re-recycling

  • Advances & Prospects in the field of Waste Management
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, the possibility of using different amounts of re-recycled (repeated recycled) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in the asphalt mixture was experimentally investigated. First, a single virgin mixture was prepared and artificially aged to simulate the first generation of RAP to be used for designing the first generation of recycled mixtures. Next, the recycled mixtures were further aged to obtain a second generation of RAP to be mixed for preparing the second generation of recycled mixtures with and without the contribution of a rejuvenator. The fatigue behavior and low-temperature properties of all asphalt mixtures were experimentally investigated based on the cylindrical indirect tensile test (CIDT), Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) mixture creep stiffness tests, and Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) fracture tests, respectively. Results indicate that re-recycled materials designed with and without rejuvenator show inferior fatigue behavior with respect to the first generation of recycled mixtures while exhibiting better performance than the virgin material. Meanwhile, poorer low-temperature creep properties were observed for the mixture prepared with recycled and re-recycled RAP. Fracture properties comparable with those of the virgin material were obtained only for re-recycled mixtures designed with rejuvenator. The present experimental work provides evidence on the possibility of using re-recycled RAP up to 40% when rejuvenators are included in the mix design.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • AASHTO M320-16 (2016) Standard specification for performance-graded asphalt binder. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM D3497-79 (2003) Standard test method for dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM D6816-11 (2016) Standard practice for determining low-temperature performance grade (PG) of asphalt binders. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Barišić I, Netinger Grubeša I, Hackenberger Kutuzović B (2017) Multidisciplinary approach to the environmental impact of steel slag reused in road construction. Road Mater Pavement 18(4):897–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1197143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bressi S, Cavalli MC, Partl MN, Tebaldi G, Dumont AG, Poulikakos LD (2015) Particle clustering phenomena in hot asphalt mixtures with high content of reclaimed asphalt pavements. Constr Build Mater 100:207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Büchler S, Cannone Falchetto A, Walther A, Riccardi C, Wang D, Wistuba M (2018) Wearing course mixtures prepared with high reclaimed asphalt pavement content modified by rejuvenators. Transp Res Rec 2672(28):96–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118773193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannone Falchetto A, Montepara A, Tebaldi G, Marasteanu MO (2012) Microstructural and rheological investigation on the use of recycled asphalt material in asphalt mixtures at low temperature. Constr Build Mater 35:321–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannone Falchetto A, Moon KH, Wistuba MP (2016) Investigation on the development of asphalt mixture limit criteria for low-temperature cracking. Transp Res Rec 2574(1):83–91. https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.3141/2574-09

  • Cannone Falchetto A, Moon KH (2015) Micromechanical–analogical modelling of asphalt binder and asphalt mixture creep stiffness properties at low temperature. Road Mater Pavement 16(sup1):111–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2015.1029708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannone Falchetto A, Moon KH, Lee CB, Wistuba MP (2017a) Correlation of low temperature fracture and strength properties between SCB and IDT tests using a simple 2D FEM approach. Road Mater Pavement 18(s2):329–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1304258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannone Falchetto A, Moon KH, Wang D, Riccardi C, Wistuba MP (2018) Comparison of low-temperature fracture and strength properties of asphalt mixture obtained from IDT and SCB under different testing configurations. Road Mater Pavement 19(3):591–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2018.1418722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannone Falchetto A, Moon KH, Wang D, Riccardi C, Kang MS & Wistuba MP (2017b) Investigation on the combined recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement and steel slag in asphalt mixture at low temperature. International Conference on Mechanisms of Cracking and Debonding in Pavements. 21–24 June, pp. 75-80, Athens, Greece

  • Cannone Falchetto A, Riccardi C, Wang D, Wistuba MP, Moon K (2017c) An alternative method for determining thermal stress in asphalt binder based on Laplace transform. In: Tenth International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields. June 28-30. Athens, Greece, pp 297–304

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • EAPA (2016) European asphalt pavement association. Asphalt in figures: http://www.eapa.org/userfiles/2/Asphalt%20in%20Figures/2016/AIF_2015_v6.pdf. Accessed 23 June 2018

  • EN 12697-24 (2018) Bituminous mixtures. Test methods. Resistance to fatigue. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 12697-25 (2016) Bituminous mixtures. Test methods. Cyclic compression test. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 12697-26 (2012) Bituminous mixtures. Test methods for hot mix asphalt stiffness. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • FGSV (2018) Teil 24 Spaltzug-Sehwellversuch—Beständigkeit gegen Ermüdung. TP Asphalt-StB. Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen—und Verkehrswesen, Köln (In German)

  • Grönniger J, Cannone Falchetto A, Isailović I, Wang D, Wistuba MP (2017) Experimental investigation of asphalt mixture containing Linz-Donawitz steel slag. J Traffic Transp Eng (English Edition) 4(4):372–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2017.05.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He Y (2016) Interaction between New and Age-hardened binders in asphalt mixes containing high quantities of reclaimed asphalt pavement and reclaimed asphalt shingles. Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Davis. U.S

    Google Scholar 

  • Heneash U (2013) Effect of the repeated recycling on hot mix asphalt properties. University of Nottingham, UK, Doctoral Dissertation

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugener M, Kawakami A (2017) Simulating repeated recycling of hot mix asphalt. Road Mater Pavement 18(S2):76–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1304263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KMLIT (2015) Guideline for production and construction of asphalt materials. Korea Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Seoul, South Korea (In Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marasteanu MO, Velasquez RA, Cannone Falchetto A & Zofka A. (2009). Development of a simple test to determine the low temperature creep compliance of asphalt mixtures. NCHRP-133 Final Report

  • Medina C, Zhu W, Howind T, Frías M, de Rojas MS (2015) Effect of the constituents (asphalt, clay materials, floating particles and fines) of construction and demolition waste on the properties of recycled concretes. Constr Build Mater 79:22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moon KH, Cannone Falchetto A, Marasteanu M, Turos M (2014) Using recycled asphalt materials as an alternative material source in asphalt pavements. KSCE J Civ Eng 18(1):149–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-0211-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moon KH, Cannone Falchetto A, Marasteanu MO, Wistuba MP (2017) Low temperature rheological properties of asphalt mixtures containing different recycled asphalt materials. Int J Pavement Res Technol 10(1):84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.11.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moon KH, Marasteanu MO, Turos M (2012) Comparison of thermal stresses calculated from asphalt binder and asphalt mixture creep tests. J Mater Civ Eng 25(8):1059–1067. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ossa A, García JL, Botero E (2016) Use of recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW) aggregates: a sustainable alternative for the pavement construction industry. J Clean Prod 135:379–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poulikakos LD, Papadaskalopoulou C, Hofko B, Gschösser F, Cannone Falchetto A, Bueno M, Arraigada M, Sousa J, Ruiz R, Pettit C, Loizidou M, Partl M (2017) Harvesting the unexplored potential of European waste materials for road construction. Resour Conserv Recycl 116:32–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.09.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rad F, Sefidmazgi N, Bahia H (2014) Application of diffusion mechanism: degree of blending between fresh and recycled asphalt pavement binder in dynamic shear rheometer. Transp Res Rec 2444(1):71–77. https://doi.org/10.3141/2444-08

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shenoy A (2002) Single-event cracking temperature of asphalt pavements directly from bending beam rheometer data. J Transp Eng-Asce 128(5):465–471. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2002)128:5(465)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su K & Hachiya Y. (2008). Maekawa, R.: Laboratory investigation of possibility of re-recycling asphalt concretes. The 6th International Conference on Road and Airfield Pavement Technology, 20-23 July 2008, Sapporo, Japan

  • Velasquez R, Falchetto AC, Marasteanu MO (2010) From mixtures to binders, can the inverse problem be solved? Road Mater Pavement 11(s1):225–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2010.9690333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walther A, Wistuba M (2014) Auswirkung der Wiederverwendung von Ausbauasphalt in Asphalttragschichten auf mechanische Eigenschaften. Project Report, TU Braunschweig ISBS (In German)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther A, Büchler B, Cannone Falchetto A, Wang D, Riccardi C, Wistuba M (2019) Experimental investigation on asphalt mixtures prepared with reclaimed asphalt pavement and rejuvenators based on the BTSV method. Road Mater Pavement, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2019.1594053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walther A, Wistuba M, Büchler B (2016) Einsatz von Rejuvenatoren bei der Wiederverwendung von Asphalt. Project Report, TU Braunschweig ISBS (In German)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther A (2016) Performance evaluation of HMA with high RAP contents using Rejuvenators. International Society for Asphalt Pavements, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Wistuba M (2016) The German segmented steel roller compaction method–state-of-the-art report. Int J Pavement Eng 17(1):81–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2014.925555

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikane T (1995). Investigation of deterioration of recycled hot-mixed asphalt concrete pavement and a trial re-recycling of asphalt concrete. Disposal and recycling of organic and polymeric construction materials: proceedings of the international RILEM workshop, CRC Press, 27: 210-221

  • Yu B, Gu X, Wu M, Ni F (2017) Application of a high percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement in an asphalt mixture: blending process and performance investigation. Road Mater Pavement 18(3):753–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1182

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The contributions of Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) (South Korea) is gratefully acknowledged. Augusto Cannone Falchetto would like to acknowledged the Japan Society for Promotion of Science—JSPS—international research in Japan program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 99775, Alaska, US

    Augusto Cannone Falchetto

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Braunschweig Pavement Engineering Centre (ISBS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany

    Di Wang, Augusto Cannone Falchetto & Chiara Riccardi

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomiokamachi, Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, 940-2188, Japan

    Augusto Cannone Falchetto

  4. Korea Expressway Corporation, 208-96, DongBu aero 922, Dong-Tan myeon, Hwa Sung City, Gyung-Gi do, 18489, South Korea

    Ki Hoon Moon

  5. School of Highway, Chang’an University, Middle of South Second Ring, Xi’an, 710064, Shaanxi, China

    Jianzhong Pei & Yong Wen

Authors
  1. Di Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Augusto Cannone Falchetto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ki Hoon Moon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chiara Riccardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jianzhong Pei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yong Wen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Augusto Cannone Falchetto.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, D., Cannone Falchetto, A., Moon, K.H. et al. Artificially prepared Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)—an experimental investigation on re-recycling. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 35620–35628 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05970-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05970-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation