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Occurrence and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in three major rivers of Xinjiang, China

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Abstract

Drinking water is a main pathway of human exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). These two compounds have been identified in environmental waters worldwide, but little is known about their occurrence in Xinjiang. In this study, 155 water samples were obtained from 37 locations across Ulungur River, Manasi River, and Tarim River in Xinjiang, and were assessed by using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. PFOS and PFOA were detected in over 50% of the samples with mean concentrations of 3.194 ng/L for PFOS and 3.460 ng/L for PFOA. Spatial and regional distribution differences do exist among the three analyzed rivers. PFOS and PFOA in Manasi River were observed at the highest levels (especially in M10 and M11), but no aggravation occurred from 2014 to 2017. Seasonal variations of PFOS and PFOA concentrations showed that water samples collected during summer were higher than those in other three seasons. The occurrence, levels, and distribution patterns of PFOS and PFOA were investigated in the present study, which provides useful theory and data support for human health risk assessment. The findings of the present study can be considered for controlling these water pollutants in environmental waters.

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Funding

The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016 YFC0400704),  the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21467025), and the Social Science Foundation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (18YB13).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China

    Gehui Wang, Xiaolong Wang, Zhenni Xing, Jianjiang Lu, Qigang Chang & Yanbin Tong

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  1. Gehui Wang
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  2. Xiaolong Wang
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  3. Zhenni Xing
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  4. Jianjiang Lu
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  5. Qigang Chang
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Correspondence to Qigang Chang or Yanbin Tong.

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Wang, G., Wang, X., Xing, Z. et al. Occurrence and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in three major rivers of Xinjiang, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 28062–28070 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05770-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05770-2

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