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Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and daily atherosclerotic heart disease mortality in a cool climate

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Abstract

The associations between exposure to short-term ambient air pollution and daily atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) mortality in cool climate have not been established. We performed a time-series analysis in Shenyang, the largest city of Northeastern China. We identified 7659 ASHD deaths and obtained deaths, ambient air pollution levels, and meteorological data for Shenyang during 2014–2017. The impact of ambient air pollution on daily ASHD deaths was analyzed using generalized additive models (GAMs). Cumulative lag effects were investigated using distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM). We found ASHD deaths significantly increased during days with higher air pollution. Particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), PM10, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were positively associated with ASHD deaths among the total population. Both single- and multi-pollutants models indicated that PM2.5, PM10, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were positively associated with the deaths of women with AHSD, whereas only SO2 was significant in men. This suggests significant gender-based differences in the fatal effects of ambient air pollution. Up to 28 days of single-day lag effects were observed for PM2.5 and PM10 in women. The cumulative lag effects of PM2.5 and PM10 showed increasing trends in both men and women; however, exposure to higher pollutant concentrations did not necessarily translate to greater risks. The ERRs differences between women and men were larger in cold days than in hot days, suggesting that lower temperature may exacerbate the adverse effects of air pollution on vulnerable women.

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Acknowledgments

This manuscript has been edited by native English-speaking experts from BioMed Proofreading LLC.

Funding

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Project of Shenyang, China (grant number: 17-179-9-00)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People’s Republic of China

    Guangcong Liu, Bing Han & Jie Chen

  2. Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 98 Quanyunsan Road, Shenyang, 110167, People’s Republic of China

    Guangcong Liu & Bo Liu

  3. Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.37 Qishan Road, Shenyang, 110031, People’s Republic of China

    Baijun Sun & Jianping Chen

  4. Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Prevention, Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.242 Shayang Road, Shenyang, 110005, People’s Republic of China

    Lianzheng Yu

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  1. Guangcong Liu
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Figure S1:

The average daily deaths of people with ASHD in Shenyang City during 2014-2017. (JPEG 3749 kb)

Figure S2:

The trends of Ambient air pollutants in Shenyang during 2014-2107. (JPEG 9401 kb)

Figure S3:

The trend of meteorological factors in Shenyang during 2014-2107. (JPEG 12113 kb)

Figure S4:

The single-day lag effect of ambient air pollutant on the ASHD mortality in men. (JPG 4816 kb)

Figure S5:

Seasonal analyses of the effects of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 on men. (JPG 5534 kb)

Figure S6:

The overall lag effects of ambient air pollution with different concentrations on the ASHD population. (JPG 6124 kb)

Figure S7:

The overall lag effects of ambient air pollution with different concentrations on men with ASHD. (JPG 5621 kb)

Figure S8:

The cumulative lag effects of ambient air pollution on the ASHD mortality in men. (JPG 3313 kb)

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Liu, G., Sun, B., Yu, L. et al. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and daily atherosclerotic heart disease mortality in a cool climate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 23603–23614 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05565-5

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