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Concentrations and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil along an urban–rural gradient in Shanghai

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Abstract

This study proposed an in situ soil experimental system to quantify concentration and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the soil in a rural–urban fringe and correlated them with multiple variables in the area. Variables, including road density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance to the nearest highway and industrial area from the soil experimental sites, land-use impact index, population density, population change index (PCI), total population, and percentage of water area, were used to explain the concentration of different PCB congeners in soil during the experimental period. A proportion of 40.1%, 22.6%, 56.9%, and 34.3% accumulation rates of PCB8, PCB18, PCB28, and PCB118, respectively was explained by industrial developments, using stepwise linear regression analysis. NDVI was used to explain 33.6%, 61.5%, 49.1%, and 53.2% accumulation rates of PCB44, PCB101, PCB187, and PCB180, respectively. Filtering and transferring of airborne organic pollutants from atmosphere to soil by forests or tree stands and farmlands were all NDVI-related factors that affected the concentrations and accumulation rates of PCB congeners in soil. The traffic-related particle deposition might be the reason why the concentrations and accumulation rates of PCB congeners in soil were affected by road density. The findings can help quantitatively understand urbanization and the associated environmental effects.

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Funding

This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0502706), Natural Scientific Foundation of China (No. 41101172 & 41501508), and National Key Research Plan (No. 2016YFC0502700).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People’s Republic of China

    Shubo Fang & Qu Cui

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoyan Dai

Authors
  1. Shubo Fang
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  2. Qu Cui
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  3. Xiaoyan Dai
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaoyan Dai.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Highlights

•In situ experimental system was established to detect soil PCB accumulation rate.

•Physical variables, NDVI, and demographic variables were analyzed.

•All variables were classified into three categories by PCA analysis.

•Land-use regression analysis was used to quantify soil PCB accumulation rate.

•NDVI, traffics, and industry were the main factors affecting PCB accumulation rate.

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Fang, S., Cui, Q. & Dai, X. Concentrations and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil along an urban–rural gradient in Shanghai. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 8835–8845 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05312-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05312-w

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