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A review of bioretention components and nutrient removal under different climates—future directions for tropics

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Abstract

Bioretention systems have been implemented as stormwater best management practices (BMPs) worldwide to treat non-point sources pollution. Due to insufficient research, the design guidelines for bioretention systems in tropical countries are modeled after those of temperate countries. However, climatic factors and stormwater runoff characteristics are the two key factors affecting the capacity of bioretention system. This paper reviews and compares the stormwater runoff characteristics, bioretention components, pollutant removal requirements, and applications of bioretention systems in temperate and tropical countries. Suggestions are given for bioretention components in the tropics, including elimination of mulch layer and submerged zone. More research is required to identify suitable additives for filter media, study tropical shrubs application while avoiding using grass and sedges, explore function of soil faunas, and adopt final discharged pollutants concentration (mg/L) on top of percentage removal (%) in bioretention design guidelines.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Division of Research & Innovation, Universiti Sains Malaysia under the grant title of “Influence of Enhanced Bioretention Media and Tropical Shrub on Nutrient Removal for Urban Runoff in Mixed Development Area: An On-Site Study” with grant number as: 203/PKT/6720004.

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  1. River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Hui Weng Goh, Khe Sin Lem, Nor Ariza Azizan, Chun Kiat Chang & Nor Azazi Zakaria

  2. Discipline of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Amin Talei

  3. Jacobs’ Water Scotland team, Jacobs UK Ltd, Edinburgh, UK

    Cheng Siang Leow

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  1. Hui Weng Goh
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Goh, H.W., Lem, K.S., Azizan, N.A. et al. A review of bioretention components and nutrient removal under different climates—future directions for tropics. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 14904–14919 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05041-0

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