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Synthesis and characterization of magnetic Fe3O4@CaSiO3 composites and evaluation of their adsorption characteristics for heavy metal ions

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Abstract

A two-component material (Fe3O4@CaSiO3) with an Fe3O4 magnetite core and layered porous CaSiO3 shell from calcium nitrate and sodium silicate was synthesized by precipitation. The structure, morphology, magnetic properties, and composition of the Fe3O4@CaSiO3 composite were characterized in detail, and its adsorption performance, adsorption kinetics, and recyclability for Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ adsorption were studied. The Fe3O4@CaSiO3 composite has a 2D core–layer architecture with a cotton-like morphology, specific surface area of 41.56 m2/g, pore size of 16 nm, and pore volume of 0.25 cm3/g. The measured magnetization saturation values of the magnetic composite were 57.1 emu/g. Data of the adsorption of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ by Fe3O4@CaSiO3 fitted the Redlich–Peterson and pseudo-second-order models well, and all adsorption processes reached equilibrium within 150 min. The maximum adsorption capacities of Fe3O4@CaSiO3 toward Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ were 427.10, 391.59, and 371.39 mg/g at an initial concentration of 225 mg/L and a temperature of 293 K according to the fitted curve with the Redlich–Peterson model, respectively. All adsorption were spontaneous endothermic processes featuring an entropy increase, including physisorption, chemisorption, and ion exchange; among these process, chemisorption was the primary mechanism. Fe3O4@CaSiO3 exhibited excellent adsorption, regeneration, and magnetic separation performance, thereby demonstrating its potential applicability to removing heavy metal ions.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51378201) and the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 16A069).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China

    Lihua Liu, Jinyan Liu, Lu Zhao, Zhengchi Yang, Chaoqiang Lv, Jianrong Xue & Anping Tang

  2. Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Xiangtan, 411201, China

    Lihua Liu, Jianrong Xue & Anping Tang

  3. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Xiangtan, 411201, China

    Lihua Liu, Jianrong Xue & Anping Tang

  4. Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, Xiangtan, 411201, China

    Lihua Liu, Jianrong Xue & Anping Tang

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  1. Lihua Liu
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  2. Jinyan Liu
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  3. Lu Zhao
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  4. Zhengchi Yang
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Correspondence to Lihua Liu.

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Liu, L., Liu, J., Zhao, L. et al. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic Fe3O4@CaSiO3 composites and evaluation of their adsorption characteristics for heavy metal ions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 8721–8736 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04352-6

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