Abstract
Human activities have increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which are believed to play important roles in global warming. The spatiotemporal variations of CO2 concentration and flux at fine spatial scales in aquaculture ponds remain unclear, particularly in China, the country with the largest aquaculture. In this study, the plot-scale spatiotemporal variations of water CO2 concentration and flux, both within and among ponds, were researched in shrimp ponds in Shanyutan Wetland, Min River Estuary, Southeast China. The average water CO2 concentration and flux across the water–air interface in the shrimp ponds over the shrimp farming period varied from 22.79 ± 0.54 to 186.66 ± 8.71 μmol L−1 and from − 0.50 ± 0.04 to 2.87 ± 0.78 mol m−2 day−1, respectively. There was no remarkable difference in CO2 concentration and flux within the ponds, but significantly spatiotemporal differences in CO2 flux were observed between shrimp ponds. Chlorophyll a, pH, salinity, air temperature, and morphometry were the important factors driving the spatiotemporal patterns of CO2 flux in the shrimp ponds. Our findings highlighted the importance and spatiotemporal variations of CO2 flux in the important coastal ecosystems.
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Acknowledgments
We extend our appreciation to Dr. Linhai Zhang of the Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, for his provision of partial meteorological data. We also sincerely thank the reviewers, editor, and Dr. Derrick Y.F. Lai for their valuable comments.
Funding
This research was funded by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 41801070, 41671088), the Graduate Student Science and Technology Innovation Project of the School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University (No. 20160768) and Minjiang Sholar Programme.
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Highlights
• No markedly spatial difference was found in CO2 concentration and flux within the shrimp ponds.
• Significantly spatial differences were found in CO2 flux between shrimp ponds.
• There were strong temporal variations in CO2 concentration and fluxes inside and between shrimp ponds.
• Chlorophyll a was an important factor influencing the changes in CO2 fluxes.
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Zhang, Y., Yang, P., Yang, H. et al. Plot-scale spatiotemporal variations of CO2 concentration and flux across water–air interfaces at aquaculture shrimp ponds in a subtropical estuary. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 5623–5637 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3929-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3929-3