Abstract
The novel waste alkaline battery-sawdust-based adsorbents (WABAs) are prepared by a two-stage activation method with the negative electrode materials as activator and different doping ratio of the positive electrode materials and pine sawdust as raw materials. The characteristics of the WABAs are analyzed by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and specific surface determination (SBET). The Pb2+ adsorption properties of the WABAs are studied by changing the pH of solution, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature. It turns out that when the doping mass ratio is 1:4, the optimum performance of the WABAs is obtained, and comparing with the samples prepared by pure biomass, the iodine adsorption value, total acid groups, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) separately increased by 13, 106, and 22%, respectively. Kinetic studies show that the pseudo-second-order model is more suitable for describing the Pb2+ adsorption process and the Langmuir isotherm provides better fitting to the equilibrium data. The thermodynamic parameters indicate the adsorption process would be spontaneous and endothermic. Besides, the prepared WABAs could be reused for 5 cycles with high removal efficiency. This study provides an alternative route for waste alkaline battery treatment.
The schematic diagram of synthesis of waste batteries-sawdust-based adsorbent via a two-stage activation method for Pb2+ removal
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Acknowledgements
We highly appreciate financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21866031), the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2018JM2054), Special Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Province (No. 18JK0879), Yan’an University Doctor Scientific Research Start Fund Project (No. YDBK2017), Yan’an University Guiding Project (No. YDY2017-10), and Yan’an University Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (No. D2017110).
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Highlights
1. A novel two-stage activation method was adopted in preparing waste alkaline battery-sawdust adsorbents (WABAs).
2. Negative electrode materials (NEMs) were used as activator to realize the substitution of ZnCl2 or KOH.
3. The WABAs had a large specific surface area with considerable acidic functional groups due to the positive electrode material (NEM) doping.
4. Kinetic and thermodynamics showed the reaction of Pb2+ adsorption would be spontaneous, endothermic, and easily carried out.
5. It realized the efficient use of all components of the battery materials.
Conventional pyrometallurgy or hydrometallurgy technology was usually used to treat waste alkaline batteries, which belongs to the integral processing technique for batteries. Indeed, the targeted recovery for waste batteries can decrease the cost of recycling and increase the use efficiency of scrap. In this work, a novel two-stage activation method was adopted to prepare waste alkaline battery-biomass adsorbents (WABAs) by using positive electrode materials (PEMs) and biomass doping carbon agents (DCAs). And the negative electrode materials (NEMs) were used as activator to realize the substitution of ZnCl2 or KOH. Meanwhile, its adsorption properties of Pb2+ were investigated systematically.
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Niu, Z., Zhang, S., Ma, M. et al. Synthesis of novel waste batteries-sawdust-based adsorbent via a two-stage activation method for Pb2+ removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 4730–4745 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3883-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3883-0