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Occurrence and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in an ecological wastewater treatment plant in South China and effluent impact to the receiving river

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Abstract

Ecological wastewater treatment plant (EWWTP), a kind of emerging wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in recent years, combined microbiology with botany which is efficient for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter, as well as deodorization. The occurrence and removal of micro-organic pollutants in EWWTPs were still not well known. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their typical derivatives (SPAHs) including the oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), and methyl PAHs (MPAHs) were investigated in an EWWTP in Guangdong Province, China. The concentrations of the Σ6 OPAHs (114–384 ng/L) were higher than the Σ16 PAHs (92–250 ng/L), and much higher than the Σ4 MPAHs (13–64 ng/L) and Σ9 ClPAHs (2–3 ng/L) in the EWWTP and the effluent receiving river. The total removal efficiencies of the PAHs, OPAHs, MPAHs, and ClPAHs in the EWWTP (43 ± 14%, 41 ± 7%, 55 ± 16%, and 18 ± 4%) were lower than the traditional WWTPs, probably due to the lower concentration of the sludge in the ecological treatment. The advanced treatment process (microfiltration and UV disinfection treatment) contributed much less (0–20%) to the whole removal efficiency than the ecological treatment (80–100%). The effluent from the EWWTP slightly reduced the PAHs and SPAHs concentrations in the receiving river. The high concentrations of the PAHs and SPAHs in the receiving river were similar to the influent of the EWWTP, indicating that some untreated wastewater was directly discharged to the river, especially in the upstream.

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Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51420105012 and 51508552), Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. ZDRW-ZS-2016-5-6), and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province China (2016A040403039).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    Meng Qiao, Lujing Fu, Wei Cao, Yaohui Bai & Xu Zhao

  2. CEPREI Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Center, The Fifth Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Guangzhou, 510610, China

    Qiuxin Huang

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Xu Zhao

Authors
  1. Meng Qiao
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  2. Lujing Fu
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  3. Wei Cao
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  4. Yaohui Bai
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  5. Qiuxin Huang
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  6. Xu Zhao
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Correspondence to Xu Zhao.

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Responsible editor: Hongwen Sun

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Qiao, M., Fu, L., Cao, W. et al. Occurrence and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in an ecological wastewater treatment plant in South China and effluent impact to the receiving river. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 5638–5644 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3839-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3839-4

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