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Effect of PM2.5 environmental pollution on rat lung

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Abstract

Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a continuing challenge to pulmonary health. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in PM2.5 exposure-induced acute lung injury in rats. We analyzed biochemical and morphological changes following a 2-week “real-world” exposure. And then we found that PM2.5 exposure increased the concentrations of total protein, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and soluble elastin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, levels of cytokines in blood, and expression of MMP-9 in airways. Further, alveolar macrophage and neutrophil counts increased following PM2.5 exposure, and edema and lung lesions were observed. Our results suggest that PM2.5 exposure can induce oxidative stress and acute inflammatory responses, which can damage the micro-environment and decrease the repair ability of the lung, resulting in tissue damage.

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Abbreviations

PM2.5:

particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm

NS:

neutral saline

MDA:

malondialdehyde

H2O2 :

hydrogen peroxide

BALF:

bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) fluid

AMs:

alveolar macrophages

H&E:

hematoxylin and eosin

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

EDTA:

ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

PBS:

phosphate buffer sulfate

BCA:

bicinchoninic acid

ELISA:

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

DAPI:

DNA-binding dye propidium iodide

EBD:

Evans blue dye

ALI:

acute lung injury

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

CNTF:

cholinergic neurotrophic factor

IL:

interleukin

MCP-1:

monocyte chemotactic protein 1

MMP:

metalloproteinases

RAGE:

receptor for advanced glycation endproducts

TIMP-1:

tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30872083) and Shenyang Nonprofit Science and Technology Project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China

    Biao Yang, Jie Guo & Chunling Xiao

Authors
  1. Biao Yang
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  2. Jie Guo
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  3. Chunling Xiao
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chunling Xiao.

Ethics declarations

All studies were performed according to protocols reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Care and Experimentation of the National Institute for Environmental Studies, China.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Yang, B., Guo, J. & Xiao, C. Effect of PM2.5 environmental pollution on rat lung. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 36136–36146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3492-y

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