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Feasibility of Sijunzi Tang (Chinese medicine) to enhance protein disulfide isomerase activities for reactivating malate dehydrogenase deactivated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Abstract

The objective of this research is to investigate the enzymatic activities between protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) found in animals and plants and the properties found in a commonly used Chinese medicine called Sijunzi Tang. During the investigation, PDI, which is a monomer with a molecular mass of 57.0 kDa, was used to reactivate malate dehydrogenase (MDH). However, with the interference of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), evidence indicates that such chemicals are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic to humans. The enzymatic activity of PDI found in animal’s liver and plant was 1657 folds of purification; 0.284 unit/mg of enzyme activity, and 5694.4 folds of purification; 1.00 unit/mg of enzyme activity, respectively. PDI extracted in treated animal and plant tissue revealed 2.40% and 80.44% of regaining MDH enzymatic activity, respectively. Although in its initial phase of investigation, it is assumed that the properties found in Sijunzi Tang can help regain enzymatic activity in those affected by xenobiotic substances, thus, making it a potential ingredient in assisting with PDI functions.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ms. Ella Wightman for improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China

    Ho Man Leung, Yik Kit Yue & Ken Kin Lam Yung

  2. Department of History, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong, China

    Ho Man Leung & Chi Kin Au

  3. Upper Iowa University, 605 Washington St, Fayette, IA, 52142, USA

    Ho Man Leung

  4. Department of Applied Sciences, Institute of Vocational Education, Hong Kong, China

    Francis Siu Lai Kwok & Kwai Chung Cheung

  5. Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Education University, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China

    Wing Yin Mo

  6. School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong

    Yee Keung Wong

  7. Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA

    Martin Tsz Ki Tsui

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  1. Ho Man Leung
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  2. Francis Siu Lai Kwok
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Correspondence to Ho Man Leung or Ken Kin Lam Yung.

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Leung, H.M., Kwok, F.S.L., Mo, W.Y. et al. Feasibility of Sijunzi Tang (Chinese medicine) to enhance protein disulfide isomerase activities for reactivating malate dehydrogenase deactivated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 25116–25123 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3230-5

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