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Solubilization of insoluble zinc compounds by zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) and optimization of their growth conditions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 25, pages 25862–25868 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

In this research, the optimum growth conditions for two zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) have been studied for their potential application as bioinoculants to overcome Zn unavailability in soils. For this purpose, a laboratory-scale experiment was carried out to evaluate the zinc solubilizing ability of 80 plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains isolated from the rhizosphere of barley and tomato plants. To select effective ZSB, isolates were evaluated on Tris-mineral medium supplemented separately with zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, and zinc phosphate at a concentration of 0.1%. Two strains (Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium sp.) were selected, based on a clear halo zone around their colonies in the solid medium supplemented with zinc oxide after 10 days of incubation at 29 °C. Results of solubilization at different pH values showed that these strains had solubilization activity in the range of pH 8–10 while no solubilization was observed at pH 6 and 7. The maximum Zn solubilization values were noted at pH 9: 51.4 mg L−1 (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) and 72.1 mg L−1 (Rhizobium sp). According to findings, bacterial growth was affected by different NaCl concentrations under in vitro condition. The salt concentration required for 50% inhibition of absorbance was 2.11 and 2.27% NaCl for Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium sp., respectively. The maximum bacterial growth was observed at about 0.8% NaCl concentration.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Marina Scagliola and Mrs. Pasqua Murgese for the technical assistance. TXRF analysis was led at the “Micro X-ray Lab” of the University of Bari (Italy).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan and Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

    Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi

  2. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70125, Bari, Italy

    Patrizia Ricciuti, Ignazio Allegretta, Roberto Terzano & Carmine Crecchio

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  1. Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi
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  2. Patrizia Ricciuti
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  3. Ignazio Allegretta
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  4. Roberto Terzano
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  5. Carmine Crecchio
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Correspondence to Carmine Crecchio.

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Responsible editor: Robert Duran

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Khanghahi, M.Y., Ricciuti, P., Allegretta, I. et al. Solubilization of insoluble zinc compounds by zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) and optimization of their growth conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 25862–25868 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2638-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2638-2

Keywords

  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens
  • Rhizobium sp.
  • Zinc carbonate
  • Zinc phosphate
  • Zinc oxide
  • Zinc solubilizing bacteria