Abstract
Fermented camel by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris has been recently discovered to protect against the toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), but its beneficial effects in the presence of oxidative stress in the erythrocytes have not been established. In the present study, 28 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group; CCl4 group: intoxicated by a single intraperitoneal injection (ip) of CCl4; group FCM-LLC + CCl4: pretreated with FCM-LLC daily during 14 days, and received a single dose of CCl4. FCM-LLC group received FCM-LLC alone. The occurrence of oxidative stress in erythrocytes was evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant. The oxidative injury induced by CCl4 in the erythrocytes was confirmed by modifications in hematological parameters and decreases in protein, albumin, and globulin content in the serum of intoxicated mice. Therefore, CCl4 caused a significant decrease in immunotoxic indices, including immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, and an increase of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Meanwhile, FCM-LLC effectively restored the parameters cited above to near-normal values. It can be suggested that fermented camel milk could regulate deviant physiological effects induced by CCl4 which is due to its powerful antioxidant and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capacity.
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- CAT:
-
Catalase
- CCl4 :
-
Carbon tetrachloride
- CRP :
-
C-reactive protein
- FCM-LLC :
-
Fermented camel milk by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris
- GPx:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- Ht:
-
Hematocrit
- Hb:
-
Hemoglobin
- IgA:
-
Immunoglobulin A
- IgG:
-
Immunoglobulin G
- IgM:
-
Immunoglobulin M
- MCH:
-
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- MCHC:
-
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations
- MCV:
-
Mean corpuscular volume
- PCO:
-
Protein carbonyl
- PLT:
-
Platelet
- RBC:
-
Red blood cells
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- TBARS:
-
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- WBC:
-
White blood cells
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The authors would like to thank the “Ministere de l’enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche Scientique, Tunisie” for the support of this research work.
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The approval for mice experiments was obtained from the ethical Committee at Sfax Faculty of Sciences and the investigation was conducted in accordance with the Natural Health Institute of Health Guidelines for Animal Care and approved by the “Institute of Ethical Committee Guidelines” (Council of European Communities, 1986).
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Hamed, H., Chaari, F., Ghannoudi, Z. et al. Fermented camel milk by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris attenuates erythrocytes oxidative stress-induced hematological and immunological damage in CCl4-intoxicated mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 25983–25993 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2623-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2623-9