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Discerning the pre-monsoon urban atmosphere aerosol characteristic and its potential source type remotely sensed by AERONET over the Bengal Gangetic plain

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 25, pages 22163–22179 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

In the present study, we evaluated the pre-monsoon urban atmosphere (UA) aerosol characteristics remotely sensed by Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) over the Bengal Gangetic plain (BGP) at Kolkata (KOL) and their implication in potential source types and spatiotemporal features. About 70% of the AERONET-sensed aerosol optical depth at 0.50 μ m, AOD0.5 (Angstrom exponent, α at 0.44–0.87 μ m) during the pre-monsoon period (February to June) was greater than 0.50 (≤ 1); the pre-monsoon mean of AOD0.5 (α) was 0.73 (0.83) which was found being slightly higher (lower) than nearby AERONET stations (Dhaka/Bhola) located over the eastern Ganges basin. The volume geometric mean radius for the fine mode (FM) (coarse mode, CM) UA aerosol from AERONET retrievals was estimated to be 0.14–0.17 (2.24–2.75) μ m. The spectral distribution of the monthly mean of UA aerosol single-scattering albedo (SSA) exhibited an increasing trend with an increase in wavelength throughout all wavelengths during April, unlike the rest of the pre-monsoon months. Investigation of aerosol types indicated the pre-dominance of dust during April and a mixture of urban/open burning with mixed desert dust during the rest of the pre-monsoon months. Potential aerosol source fields were identified over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), east coast, northwestern India, and oceanic regions; these were estimated at elevated layers of atmosphere during April and May but that at surface layers during February and June. Comparison of aerosol characteristics over the BGP (at Kolkata, KOL) with that at six other coincident AERONET sites over India revealed mean AOD at KOL being 11 to 91% higher than the rest of the AERONET stations, with the relative increase at KOL being the highest during March; this was attributed to persistent high values of both FM and CM AOD unlike the rest of the stations. The monthly mean of SSA was the lowest at KOL among AERONET stations, during February and March. Comparison of the AOD from the AERONET aerosol retrievals over the BGP UA with the coincident Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) latest retrievals (C005 and C006) indicated a moderate correlation between the two retrievals; discrepancy in MODIS-retrieved relative distribution of FM and CM AOD was inferred compared to AERONET in the UA.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the principal investigators and their staff for supporting and maintaining instruments at the AERONET sites. We would also like to thank the AERONET project staff for calibrating, processing, and disseminating these data.

Funding

Experimental work at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT-KGP) was supported through resources received from NASA, USA, and IIT-KGP and partially through a grant received from Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India (SR/FTP/ES-54/2007).

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    Babu Priyadharshini & Shubha Verma

  2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA

    David M. Giles & Brent N. Holben

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  1. Babu Priyadharshini
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  2. Shubha Verma
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Correspondence to Shubha Verma.

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Priyadharshini, B., Verma, S., Giles, D.M. et al. Discerning the pre-monsoon urban atmosphere aerosol characteristic and its potential source type remotely sensed by AERONET over the Bengal Gangetic plain. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 22163–22179 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2290-x

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Keywords

  • AERONET
  • Urban atmosphere
  • Optical and source characteristics
  • Potential aerosol source fields
  • Anthropogenic emissions
  • Dust aerosols
  • Bengal Gangetic plain
  • Fine and coarse mode AOD
  • MODIS C005
  • C006