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Combined acute ecotoxicity of malathion and deltamethrin to Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera): comparison of different data analysis approaches

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Abstract

We studied the combined acute effect (i.e., after 48 h) of deltamethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) and malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) on Daphnia magna. Two approaches were used to examine the potential interaction effects of eight mixtures of deltamethrin and malathion: (i) calculation of mixture toxicity index (MTI) and safety factor index (SFI) and (ii) response surface methodology coupled with isobole-based statistical model (using generalized linear model). According to the calculation of MTI and SFI, one tested mixture was found additive while the two other tested mixtures were found no additive (MTI) or antagonistic (SFI), but these differences between index responses are only due to differences in terminology related to these two indexes. Through the surface response approach and isobologram analysis, we concluded that there was a significant antagonistic effect of the binary mixtures of deltamethrin and malathion that occurs on D. magna immobilization, after 48 h of exposure. Index approaches and surface response approach with isobologram analysis are complementary. Calculation of mixture toxicity index and safety factor index allows identifying punctually the type of interaction for several tested mixtures, while the surface response approach with isobologram analysis integrates all the data providing a global outcome about the type of interactive effect. Only the surface response approach and isobologram analysis allowed the statistical assessment of the ecotoxicological interaction. Nevertheless, we recommend the use of both approaches (i) to identify the combined effects of contaminants and (ii) to improve risk assessment and environmental management.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the reviewers for their meaningful and constructive suggestions.

Funding

This study received financial support from the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and PHC UTIQUE (project 26497 YJ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l’Environnement (LBE), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia

    Héla Toumi & Moncef Boumaiza

  2. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France

    Héla Toumi, Baba Issa Camara, Vincent Felten, Jean-François Masfaraud & Jean-François Férard

  3. ICPEES (UMR 7515 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    Maurice Millet

  4. Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil

    Claudemir Marcos Radetski

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  1. Héla Toumi
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  2. Moncef Boumaiza
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  3. Maurice Millet
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  4. Claudemir Marcos Radetski
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  5. Baba Issa Camara
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  7. Jean-François Masfaraud
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  8. Jean-François Férard
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Correspondence to Héla Toumi or Jean-François Férard.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Toumi, H., Boumaiza, M., Millet, M. et al. Combined acute ecotoxicity of malathion and deltamethrin to Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera): comparison of different data analysis approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 17781–17788 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1909-2

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