Abstract
We investigated the role of urbanization in the conventional environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) of the globe. The overall population and rural population were also considered for control purposes. Based on our findings, we suggest that the conventional EKC of the globe is not an inverted U-shape but becomes downward sloping when urban development is added and inverted U-shapes when the overall population and rural population volumes are added.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Anatasia V (2015) The causal relationship between GDP, exports, energy consumption, and CO2 in Thailand and Malaysia. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 9(4):37–48
Anderson WP, Kanaroglou PS, Miller EJ (1996) Urban form, energy and the environment: a review of issues, evidence and policy. Urban Stud 33:7–35
Borhan HB, Ahmed EM (2012) Simultaneous model of pollution and income in Malaysia. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 6(1):50–73
Carrion-i-Silvestre JL, Kim D, Perron P (2009) GLS-based unit root tests with multiple structural breaks under both the null and the alternative hypotheses. Econometric Theory 25(6):1754–1792
Cetin M, Ecevit E (2017) The impact of financial development on carbon emissions under the structural breaks: empirical evidence from Turkish economy. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 11(1):64–78
Fang W (2014) How cities can save trillions, curb climate change, and improve public health. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC
Gokmenoglu K, Kaakeh M (2018) Causal relationship between nuclear energy consumption and economic growth: case of Spain. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 37(3):58–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10485236.2018.11958660. (Scopus)
Gokmenoğlu K, Taspinar N (2015) The relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and FDI: the case of Turkey. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 25(5):706–723
Heidari H, Katircioglu ST, Saeidpour L (2013) Natural gas consumption and economic growth: are we ready to Natural Gas Price Liberalization in Iran? Energy Policy 63:638–645
Istaiteyeh RMS (2016) Causality analysis between electricity consumption and real GDP: evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 10(4):526–540
Johansen S (1988) Statistical analysis of co-integrating vectors. J Econ Dyn Control 12:231–254
Johansen S, Juselius K (1990) Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on co-integration with application to the demand for money. Oxf Bull Econ Stat 52:169–221
Jones DW (1989) Urbanization and energy use in economic development. Energy Journal 10:29–44
Jones DW (1991) How urbanization affects energy use in developing countries. Energy Policy 19(7):621–630
Jumadilova S (2012) The role of oil and gas sector for the economy of Kazakhstan. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 6(3):295–303
Kalayci S, Koksal C (2015) The relationship between China’s airway freight in terms of carbon-dioxide emission and export volume. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 9(4):60–68
Kapusuzoglu A (2014) Causality relationships between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: results from a multi-country study. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 8(2):5–15
Katircioglu S (2009) Revisiting the Tourism-led-growth Hypothesis for Turkey Using the Bounds Test and Johansen Approach for Cointegration, Tourism Management 30(1):17–20
Katircioglu S (2010) International Tourism, Higher Education, and Economic Growth: the Case of North Cyprus, The World Economy 33(12):1955–1972
Katircioglu S (2017) Investigating the role of oil prices in the conventional EKC model: evidence from Turkey. Asian Economic & Financial Review 7(5):498–508
Katircioglu S, Katircioglu ST (2017) Testing the role of urban development in the conventional environmental Kuznets curve: evidence from Turkey. Appl Econ Lett 1:6. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1361004
Katircioglu S, Katircioglu ST, Altinay M (2017) Interactions between energy consumption and imports: an empirical evidence from Turkey. Journal of Comparative Asian Development 16(2):161–178
Katircioglu ST (2014a) Testing the tourism-induced EKC hypothesis: the case of Singapore. Econ Model 41:383–391
Katircioglu ST (2014b) International tourism, energy consumption, and environmental pollution: the case of Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 36:180–187
Katircioglu ST, Feridun M, Kilinc C (2014) Estimating tourism-induced energy consumption and CO2 emissions: the case of Cyprus. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 29:634–640
Ma B (2015) Does urbanization affect energy intensities across provinces in China? Long-run elasticities estimation using dynamic panels with heterogeneous slopes. Energy Econ 49:390–401
Ozatac N, Gokmenoglu K, Taspinar N (2017) Testing the EKC hypothesis by considering trade openness, urbanization, and financial development: the case of Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(20):16690–16701
Ozcan B, Ari A (2017) Nuclear energy-economic growth nexus in OECD countries: a panel data analysis. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 11(1):138–154
Pacione M (2009) Urban geography—a global perspective. Routledge, New York
Parikh J, Shukla V (1995) Urbanization, energy use and greenhouse effects in economic development — results from a crossnational study of developing countries. Glob Environ Chang 5:87–103
Rafiq S, Salim R, Nielsen I (2016) Urbanization, openness, emissions and energy intensity: A study of increasingly urbanized emerging economies. Energy Economics 56:20–28
Sadorsky P (2014) The effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in emerging economies. Energy Econ 41:147–153
Sodeyfi S, Katircioglu S (2016) Interactions between business conditions, economic growth, and crude oil prices. Economic Research - Ekonomska Istraživanja 29(1):980–990
UN-HABITAT (2008) State of the World’s cities 2008/2009: harmonious cities. Earthscan, London
World Bank (2017) World development indicators, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators (Accessed on 12 Febr 2017)
Xu B, Lin B (2015) How industrialization and urbanization process impacts on CO2 emissions in China: evidence from nonparametric additive regression models. Energy Econ 48:188–202
York R (2007) Demographic trends and energy consumption in European Union Nations, 1960–2025. Soc Sci Res 36:855–872
Zhang C, Lin Y (2012) Panel estimation for urbanization, energy consumption and CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China. Energy Policy 49:488–498
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Katircioglu, S., Katircioglu, S. & Kilinc, C.C. Investigating the role of urban development in the conventional environmental Kuznets curve: evidence from the globe. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 15029–15035 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1651-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1651-9