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Investigating the role of urban development in the conventional environmental Kuznets curve: evidence from the globe

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Abstract

We investigated the role of urbanization in the conventional environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) of the globe. The overall population and rural population were also considered for control purposes. Based on our findings, we suggest that the conventional EKC of the globe is not an inverted U-shape but becomes downward sloping when urban development is added and inverted U-shapes when the overall population and rural population volumes are added.

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Correspondence to Setareh Katircioglu.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Katircioglu, S., Katircioglu, S. & Kilinc, C.C. Investigating the role of urban development in the conventional environmental Kuznets curve: evidence from the globe. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 15029–15035 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1651-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1651-9

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