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Investigation of different ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid-enhanced washing configurations for remediation of a Cu-contaminated soil: process kinetics and efficiency comparison between single-stage and multi-stage configurations

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Abstract

A comparison of Cu extraction yields for three different ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS)-enhanced washing configurations was performed on a Cu-contaminated soil. Batch experiments were used to simulate a single-stage continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a multi-stage (side feeding and counter-current) reactor. Single-stage CSTR conditions were simulated for various EDDS:(Cu + Cd + Pb + Co + Ni + Zn) molar ratio (EDDS:M ratio) (from 1 to 30) and liquid to soil (L/S) ratio (from 15 to 45). The highest Cu extraction yield (≃56%) was achieved with EDDS:M = 30. In contrast, a Cu extraction yield decrease was observed with increasing L/S ratio with highest extracted Cu achievement (≃48%) for L/S = 15. Side feeding configuration was tested in four experimental conditions through different fractionation mode of EDDS dose and treatment time at each washing step. Results from the four tests showed all enhanced Cu extraction (maximum values from ≃43 to ≃51%) achieved at lower treatment time and lower EDDS:M molar ratio compared to CSTR configuration with L/S = 25 and EDDS:M = 10. The counter-current washing was carried out through two washing flows achieving a process performance enhancement with 27% increase of extracted Cu compared to single-stage CSTR configuration. Higher Cu extraction percentage (36.8%) was observed in the first washing phase than in the second one (24.7%).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the EU that provided financial support through the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Programme ETeCoS3 (Environmental Technologies for Contaminated Solids, Soils, and Sediments; grant agreement FPA no. 2010-0009). Moreover, A. Ferraro gratefully thanks the Mediterranean Office for Youth (MOY), which granted a 5-month mobility fellowship in the frame of the MOY-labeled program no. 2010/038, and the Université Franco-Italienne which granted a mobility fellowship in the frame of VINCI 2012 Chapter 4—Collaboration entre Ecoles Doctorales call.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy

    Alberto Ferraro & Giovanni Esposito

  2. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy

    Alberto Ferraro & Massimiliano Fabbricino

  3. Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France

    Alberto Ferraro & Eric D. van Hullebusch

  4. IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands

    Eric D. van Hullebusch

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  1. Alberto Ferraro
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  2. Massimiliano Fabbricino
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  3. Eric D. van Hullebusch
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Correspondence to Alberto Ferraro.

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Ferraro, A., Fabbricino, M., van Hullebusch, E.D. et al. Investigation of different ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid-enhanced washing configurations for remediation of a Cu-contaminated soil: process kinetics and efficiency comparison between single-stage and multi-stage configurations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 21960–21972 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9844-1

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