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Combined effect of enzyme inducers and nitrate on selective lignin degradation in wheat straw by Ganoderma lobatum

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Abstract

Lignin is one of the main barriers to obtaining added-value products from cellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic biomass due to its random aromatic structure and strong association with cellulose and hemicellulose. Inorganic and organic compounds have been used as enzyme inducers to increase the ligninolytic potential of white-rot fungi, without considering their effect on the selectivity of degradation. In this study, the selective lignin degradation in wheat straw by Ganoderma lobatum was optimized using a central composite design to evaluate the combined effect of Fe2+ and Mn2+ as inducers of ligninolytic enzymes and NO3 − as an additional nitrogen source. Selective lignin degradation was promoted to maximize lignin degradation and minimize weight losses. The optimal conditions were 0.18 M NO3 −, 0.73 mM Fe2+, and 1 mM Mn2+, which resulted in 50.0% lignin degradation and 18.5% weight loss after 40 days of fungal treatment. A decrease in absorbance at 1505 and 900 cm−1 in fungal-treated samples was observed in the FTIR spectra, indicating lignin and cellulose degradation in fungal-treated wheat straw, respectively. The main ligninolytic enzymes detected during lignin degradation were manganese-dependent and manganese-independent peroxidases. Additionally, confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that lignin degradation in wheat straw by G. lobatum resulted in higher cellulose accessibility. We concluded that the addition of enzyme inducers and NO3 − promotes selective lignin degradation in wheat straw by G. lobatum.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by CONICYT Doctoral scholarship 21120634 and FAPERJ-UFRO FPJ15-0005 projects and, partially, by the CONICYT/FONDAP/15130015 and FONDECYT No. 3130650 projects. Edward Hermosilla is grateful to BQ. Karina Godoy of Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile, by the support provided in CLSM analysis of wheat straw.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Edward Hermosilla, Heidi Schalchli, Ana Mutis & María Cristina Diez

  2. Doctoral Program in Sciences of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Edward Hermosilla

  3. Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    Heidi Schalchli & María Cristina Diez

  4. Chemical Science and Natural Resource Department, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    Ana Mutis

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  1. Edward Hermosilla
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  4. María Cristina Diez
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Correspondence to María Cristina Diez.

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Responsible editor: Yi-ping Chen

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Hermosilla, E., Schalchli, H., Mutis, A. et al. Combined effect of enzyme inducers and nitrate on selective lignin degradation in wheat straw by Ganoderma lobatum . Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 21984–21996 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9841-4

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