Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetic signature, geochemistry, and oral bioaccessibility of “technogenic” metals in contaminated industrial soils from Sindos Industrial Area, Northern Greece

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the contamination level of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in industrial soils and how this relates to environmental magnetism. Moreover, emphasis was given to the determination of the potential mobile fractions of typically “technogenic” metals. Therefore, magnetic and geochemical parameters were determined in topsoils (0–20 cm) collected around a chemical industry in Sindos Industrial Area, Thessaloniki, Greece. Soil samples were presented significantly enriched in “technogenic” metals such Cd, Pb, and Zn, while cases of severe soil contamination were observed in sampling sites north-west of the industrial unit. Contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mo, Sb, Sn, and Zn in soils and pollution load index (PLI) were highly correlated with mass specific magnetic susceptibility (χ lf). Similarly, enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I geo) for “technogenic” Pb and Zn exhibited high positive correlation factors with χ lf. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified PHEs along with the magnetic variable (χ lf) into a common group indicating anthropogenic influence. The water extractable concentrations were substantially low, while the descending order of UBM (Unified BARGE Method) extractable concentrations in the gastric phase was Zn > Pb > As > Cd, yet Cd showed the highest bioaccessibility (almost 95%).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abraham J (1998) Spatial distribution of major and trace elements in shallow reservoir sediments: an example from Lake Waco, Texas. Environ Geol 36:349–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aelion CM, Davis HT, McDermott S, Lawson AB (2009) Soil metal concentrations and toxicity: associations with distances to industrial facilities and implications for human health. Sci Total Environ 407:2216–2223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aidona E, Grison H, Petrovsky E, Kazakis N, Papadopoulou L, Voudouris K (2016) Magnetic characteristics and trace elements concentration in soils from Anthemountas River basin (North Greece): discrimination of different sources of magnetic enhancement. Environ Earth Sci 75:1375–1390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ajmone-Marsan F, Biasioli M, Kralj T (2008) Metals in particle-size fractions of the soils of five European cities. Environ Pollut 152:73–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andronopoulos V, Rozos D, Hatzinakos I (1991) Subsidence phenomena in the industrial area of Thessaloniki Greece. In: Johnson A (ed) Land subsidence, vol Vol. 200. IAHS Publishers, Wallingford, pp 59–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Angulo E (1996) The Tomlinson Pollution Load Index applied to heavy metal ‘Mussel-Watch’ data: a useful index to assess coastal pollution. Sci Total Environ 187:19–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Argyraki A, Kelepertzis E (2014) Urban soil geochemistry in Athens, Greece: the importance of local geology in controlling the distribution of potentially harmful trace elements. Sci Total Environ 482-483:366–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM D3987-12 (2012) Standard practice for shake extraction of solid waste with water, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org

  • Barsby A, McKinley JM, Ofterdinger U, Young M, Cave MR, Wragg J (2012) Bioaccessibility of trace elements in soils in Northern Ireland. Sci Total Environ 433:398–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blundell A, Dearing JA, Boyle JF, Hannam JA (2009a) Controlling factors for the spatial variability of soil magnetic susceptibility across England and Wales. Earth Sci rev 95:158–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blundell A, Hannam JA, Dearing JA, Boyle JF (2009b) Detecting atmospheric pollution in surface soils using magnetic measurements: a reappraisal using an England and Wales database. Environ Pollut 157:2878–2890

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourliva A, Papadopoulou L, Aidona E, Giouri K, Simeonidis K, Vourlias G (2017) Characterization and geochemistry of technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs) in contaminated industrial soils: assessing health risk via ingestion. Geoderma 295:86–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canbay M, Aydin A, Kurtulus C (2010) Magnetic susceptibility and heavy-metal contamination in topsoils along the Izmit Gulf coastal area and IZAYTAS (Turkey). J Appl Geophys 70:46–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon WF, Horton JD (2009) Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization Chicago, Illinois, USA. Appl Geochem 24:1590–1601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CCME-Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (2007) Canadian soil quality guidelines for the protection of environmental and human health. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabukdhara M, Nema AK (2013) Heavy metals assessment in urban soils around industrial clusters in Ghaziabad, India: probabilistic health risk approach. Ecotox Environ Safe 87:57–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christophoridis C, Dedepsidis D, Fytianos K (2009) Occurrence and distribution of selected heavy metals in the surface sediments of Thermaikos Gulf, N. Greece. Assessment using pollution indicators. J Hazard Mater 168:1082–1091

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DE’Milio M, Caggiano R, Coppola R, Macchiato M, Ragosta M (2010) Magnetic susceptibility measurements as proxy method to monitor soil pollution: the case study of S. Nicola di Melfi. Environ Monit Assess 169:619–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dearing JA, Hay KL, Baban SMJ, Huddleston AS, Wellington EMH, Loveland PJ (1996) Magnetic susceptibility of soil: an evaluation of conflicting theories using a national data set. Geophys J Int 127:728–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng CL, Zhu RX, Jackson MJ, Verosub KL, Singer MJ (2001) Variability of the temperature-dependent susceptibility of the Holocene eolian deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau: a pedogenesis indicator. Phys Chem Earth 26:873–878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denys S, Caboche J, Tack K, Rychen G, Wragg J et al (2012) In vivo validation of the unified BARGE method to assess the bioaccessibility of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, and lead in soils. Environ Sci Technol 46:6252–6260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duan X, Hu S, Yan H, Blaha U, Roesler W, Appel E, Sun W (2010) Relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy element contents of arable soil around a steel company, Nanjing. Sci China Earth Sci 53:411–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop DJ, Özdemir Ö (1997) Rock magnetism: fundamentals and frontiers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 573

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • EEA-European Environment Agency (2007) Progress in management of contaminated sites (CSI 015), Copenhague.

  • European Commission 2005. Soil Atlas of Europe. European Soils Bureau Network. http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/soil-atlas-europe. Accessed 20/10/2016

  • El Baghdadi M, Barakat A, Sajieddine M, Nadem S (2012) Heavy metal pollution and soil magnetic susceptibility in urban soil of Beni Mellal City (Morocco). Environ Earth Sci 66:141–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Hasan T, Lataifeh M (2013) Field and dual magnetic susceptibility proxies for heavy metal pollution assessment in the urban soil of Al-Karak City, South Jordan. Environ Earth Sci 69:2299–2310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farmer JG, Broadway A, Cave MR, Wragg J, Fordyce FM et al (2011) A lead isotopic study of the human bioaccessibility of lead in urban soils from Glasgow, Scotland. Sci Total Environ 409:4958–4965

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleyzes C, Tellier S, Astruc M (2002) Fractionation studies of trace elements in contaminated soils and sediments: a review of sequential extraction procedures. Trends Anal Chem 21:451–467

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goix S, Lévêque T, Xiong TT, Schreck E, Baeza-Squiban A, Geret F et al (2014) Environmental and health impacts of fine and ultrafine metallic particles: assessment of threat scores. Environ res 133:185–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gu YG, Gao YP, Lin Q (2016) Contamination, bioaccessibility and human health risk of heavy metals in exposed-lawn soils from 28 urban parks in southern China’s largest city, Guangzhou. Appl Geochem 67:52–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton EM, Barlow TS, Gowing CJB, Watts MJ (2015) Bioaccessibility performance data for fifty-seven elements in guidance material BGS 102. Microchem J 123:131–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanesch M, Scholger R (2002) Mapping of heavy metal loadings in soils by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements. Environ Geol 42:857–870

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann V, Knab M, Appel E (1999) Magnetic susceptibility mapping of roadside pollution. J Geochem Explor 66:313–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu XF, Su Y, Ye R, Li XQ, Zhang GL (2007) Magnetic properties of the urban soils in shanghai and their environmental implications. Catena 70:428–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin ZF, Zhang ZJ, Zhang H, Liu CQ, Li FL (2015) Assessment of lead bioaccessibility in soils around lead battery plants in East China. Chemosphere 119:1247–1254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordanova D, Goddu SR, Kotsev T, Jordanova N (2013) Industrial contamination of alluvial soils near Fe-Pb mining site revealed by magnetic and geochemical studies. Geoderma 192:237–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordanova N, Jordanova D, Tsacheva T (2008) Application of magnetometry for delineation of anthropogenic pollution in areas covered by various soil types. Geoderma 144:557–571

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordanova NV, Jordanova DV, Veneva L, Yorova K, Petrovsky E (2003) Magnetic response of soils and vegetation to heavy metal pollution e a case study. Environ Sci Techn 37:4417–4424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapička A, Petrovský E, Ustjak S, Macháčková K (1999) Proxy mapping of fly-ash pollution of soils around a coal-burning power plant: a case study in the Czech Republic. J Geochem Explor 66:291–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi R, Ayoubi S, Jalalian A, Sheikh-Hosseini AR, Afyuni M (2011) Relationships between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals in urban topsoils in the arid region of Isfahan, central Iran. J Appl Geophys 74:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelepertzis E (2014) Investigating the sources and potential health risks of environmental contaminants in the soils and drinking waters from the rural clusters in Thiva area (Greece). Ecotox Environ Safe 100:258–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly J, Thornton I, Simpson PR (1996) Urban geochemistry: a study of the influence of anthropogenic activity on the heavy metal content of soils in traditionally industrial and non-industrial areas of Britain. Appl Geochem 11:363–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim W, Doh SJ, Park YH, Yun ST (2007) Two-year magnetic monitoring in conjunction with geochemical and electron microscopic data of roadside dust in Seoul, Korea. Atmos Environ 41:7627–7641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kockel F, Antoniades P, Ioannides K, Lalechos N (1978) Geological map of Greece: Thessaloniki sheet, 1:50,000 scale. Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME), Athens

    Google Scholar 

  • Li R, Cai G, Wang J, Ouyang W, Cheng H, Lin C (2014) Contents and chemical forms of heavy metals in school and roadside topsoils and road-surface dust of Beijing. J Soils Sediments 14:1806–1817

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li F, Huang J, Zeng G, Liu W, Huang X, Huang B et al (2015a) Toxic metals in topsoil under different land uses from Xiandao District, middle China: distribution, relationship with soil characteristics and health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut res 22:12261–12275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Li K, Cave M, Li HB, Ma LQ (2015b) Lead bioaccessibility in 12 contaminated soils from China: correlation to lead relative bioavailability and lead in different fractions. J Hazard mat 295:55–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu QT, Diamond ME, Gingrich SE, Ondov JM, Maciejczyk P, Sterm GA (2003) Accumulation of metals, trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds on exterior windows surfaces in Baltimore. Environ Pollut 122:51–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu QS, Deng CL, Yu YJ, Torrent J, Jackson MJ, Banerjee SK, Zhu RX (2005) Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility in an argon environment: implications for pedogenesis of Chinese loess/paleosols. Geophys J Int 161:102–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Ma J, Sun Y, Li Y (2016a) Spatial distribution of soil magnetic susceptibility and correlation with heavy metal pollution in Kaifeng City, China. Catena 139:53–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Ma J, Yan H, Ren Y, Wang B, Lin C, Liu X (2016b) Bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of arsenic in soil and indoor dust in rural and urban areas of Hubei province, China. Ecotox Environ Safe 126:14–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu S, Wang H, Bai S (2009) Heavy metal contents and magnetic susceptibility of soils along an urban–rural gradient in rapidly growing city of eastern China. Environ Monit Assess 155:91–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SG, Bai SQ (2006) Study on the correlation of magnetic properties and heavy metals content in urban soils of Hangzhou City, China. J Appl Geophys 60:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SG, Bai SQ, Xue QF (2007) Magnetic properties as indicators of heavy metals pollution in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Luoyang, China. Geophys J Int 171:568–580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SG, Bai SQ, Fu LX (2008) Magnetic properties as indicators of cu and Zn contamination in soils. Pedosphere 18:479–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SG, Wang HY, Guo JL (2011) Magnetic enhancement of urban roadside soils as a proxy of degree of pollution by traffic-related activities. Environ Earth Sci 64:359–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SG, Wang HY, Chen YY (2012) Enrichment and solubility of trace metals associated with magnetic extracts in industrially derived contaminated soils. Environ Geochem Health 34:433–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu X, Wang L, Li LY, Lei K, Huang L, Kang D (2010) Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in street dust of Baoji NW China. J Hazard Mater 173:744–749

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Łukasik A, Szuszkiewicz M, Magiera T (2015) Impact of artifacts on topsoil magnetic susceptibility enhancement in urban parks of the Upper Silesian Conurbation datasets. J Soils Sediments 15:1836–1846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madrid F, Biasioli M, Ajmone-Marsan F (2008) Availability and bioaccessibility of metals in fine particles of some urban soils. Arch Environ Con Tox 55:21–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maiz I, Arambarri I, Garcia R, Millan E (2000) Evaluation of heavy metal availability in polluted soils by two sequential extraction procedures using factor analysis. Environ Pollut 110:3–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magiera T, Strzyszcz Z, Kapička A, Petrovský E (2006) Discrimination of lithogenic and anthropogenic influences on topsoil magnetic susceptibility in Central Europe. Geoderma 130:299–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malik RN (2010) Metal contamination of surface soils of industrial city Sialkot, Pakistan: a multivariate and GIS approach. Environ Geochem Health 32:179–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matysek D, Raclavska H, Raclavsky K (2008) Correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal concentrations in forest soils of the Eastern Czech Republic. J Environ Eng Geophys 13:13–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mireles F, Davila JI, Pinedo JL, Reyes E, Speakman RJ, Glascock MD (2012) Assessing urban soil pollution in the cities of Zacatecas and Guadalupe, Mexico by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Microchem J 103:158–164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mercier J (1966) Paléogéographie, orogenèse, métamorphisme et magmatisme des zones internes des Hellénides en Macédoine (Grèce): vue d’ensemble. Bull Soc Géol France 7(VIII):1020–1049

    Google Scholar 

  • Moussiopoulos N, Vlachokostas C, Tsilingiridis G, Douros I, Hourdakis E, Naneris C, Sidiropoulos C (2009) Air quality status in Greater Thessaloniki Area and the emission reductions needed for attaining the EU air quality legislation. Sci Total Environ 407:1268–1285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller G (1969) Index of geo-accumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geochem J 2:108–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowak B (1998) Contents and relationship of elements in human hair for a non-industrialised population in Poland. Sci Total Environ 209:59–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palleiro L, Patinha C, Rodríguez-Blanco M, Taboada-Castro MM, Taboada-Castro MT (2016) Metal fractionation in topsoils and bed sediments in the Mero River rural basin: bioavailability and relationship with soil and sediment properties. Catena 144:34–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan L, Ma J, Hu Y, Su B, Fang G, Wang Y et al (2016) Assessments of levels, potential ecological risk, and human health risk of heavy metals in soils from a typical county in Shanxi Province, China. Environ Sci Pollut res 23:19330–19340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patinha C, Reis AP, Dias AC, Abduljelil AA, Noack Y et al (2014) The mobility and human oral bioaccessibility of Zn and Pb in urban dusts of Estarreja (N. Portugal). Environ Geochem Health 37:7115–7131

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelfrêne A, Waterlot C, Douay F (2013) Influence of land use on human bioaccessibility of metals in smelter-impacted soils. Environ Pollut 178:80–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pertovsky E, Kapicka A, Jordanova N, Knab M, Hoffmann V (2000) Low-field magnetic susceptibility: a proxy method of estimating increased pollution of different environmental systems. Environ Geol 39:312–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce ML, Moore CB (1980) Adsorption of arsenite on amorphous iron hydroxides from dilute aqueous solution. Environ Sci Technol 14:214–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qing X, Yutong Z, Shenggao L (2015) Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Ecotox Environ Safe 120:377–385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rachwał M, Magiera T, Wawer M (2015) Coke industry and steel metallurgy as the source of soil contamination by technogenic magnetic particles, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chemosphere 138:863–873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reis AP, Patinha C, Wragg J, Dias AC, Cave M, Sousa AJ et al (2013) Urban geochemistry of lead in gardens, playgrounds and schoolyards of Lisbon, Portugal: assessing exposure and risk to human health. Appl Geochem 44:45–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reis AP, Patinha C, Wragg J, Dias AC, Cave M, Sousa AJ et al (2014) Geochemistry, mineralogy, solid-phase fractionation and oral bioaccessibility of lead in urban soils of Lisbon. Environ Geochem Health 36:867–881

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues SM, Coelho C, Cruz N, Monteiro RJR, Henriques B, Duarte AC, Rӧmkens PFAM, Pereira E (2014) Oral bioaccessibility and human exposure to anthropogenic and geogenic mercury in urban, industrial and mining areas. Sci Total Environ 496:649–661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozos D, Apostolidis E, Hatzinakos I (2004) Engineering-geological map of Thessaloniki wider area, Greece. Bull Eng Geol Environ 63:103–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003) Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick RL (ed) The crust. Elsevier, Amsterdame, pp 1–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmani-Ghabeshi S, Palomo-Marín MR, Bernalte E, Rueda-Holgado F, Miró-Rodríguez C, Cereceda-Balic F et al (2016) Spatial gradient of human health risk from exposure to trace elements and radioactive pollutants in soils at the Puchuncaví-Ventanas industrial complex, Chile. Environ Pollut 218:322–330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salminen R, Batista MJ, Bidovec M, Demetriades A et al. (2005). Geochemical atlas of Europe. Part 1: background information, methodology and maps. http://weppi.gtk.fi/publ/foregsatlas. Accessed 22 July 2013.

  • Schmidt A, Yarnold R, Hill M, Ashmore M (2005) Magnetic susceptibility as proxy for heavy metal pollution: a site study. J Geochem Explor 85:109–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu J, Dearing JA, Morse AP, Yu LZ, Yuan N (2001) Determining the sources of atmospheric particles in Shanghai, China, from magnetic and geochemical properties. Atmos Environ 35:2615–2625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Sharma M, Tobschall HJ (2005) Weathering of the Ganga alluvial plain, northern India: implications from fluvial geochemistry of the Gomati River. Appl Geochem 20:1–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smedley PL, Kinniburgh DG (2002) A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl Geochem 17:517–568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sollito D, Romic M, Castrignanò A, Romic D, Bakic H (2010) Assessing heavy metal contamination in soils of the Zagreb region (Northwest Croatia) using multivariate geostatistics. Catena 80:182–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soltani N, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Tavakol T, Lahijanzadeh AR, Jaafarzadeh N, Kermani M (2015) Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran. Sci Total Environ 505:712–723

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiteri C, Kalinski V, Rösler W, Hoffmann V, Appel E (2005) Magnetic screening of a pollution hotspot in the Lausitz area, Eastern Germany: correlation analysis between magnetic proxies and heavy metal contamination in soils. Environ Geol 49:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strzyszcz Z, Magiera T (1998) Magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal contamination in soils of southern Poland. Phys Chem Earth 23:1127–1131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szuszkiewicz M, Łukasik A, Magiera T, Mendakiewicz M (2016) Combination of geo- pedo- and technogenic magnetic and geochemical signals in soil profiles-diversification and its interpretation: a new approach. Environ Pollut 214:464–477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson DC, Wilson JG, Harris CR, Jeffery DW (1980) Problems in the assessment of heavy metals levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgol Wiss Meeresunters 33:566–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uzu G, Sauvain JJ, Baeza-Squiban A, Riediker M, SaÌnchez Sandoval Hohl M, Val S et al (2012) In vitro assessment of the pulmonary toxicity and gastric availability of lead-rich particles from a lead recycling plant. Environ Sci Technol 45:7888–7895

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varol M (2011) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. J Hazard Mater 195:355–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • VROM-Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordeningen Milieubeheer (2000) Circular on target values and intervention values for soil remediation. Spatial planning and environment. Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment, Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Xia D, Yu Y, Jia J, Xu S (2014) Detection and differentiation of pollution in urban surface soils using magnetic properties in arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China. Environ Pollut 184:335–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Xia DS, Yu Y, Jia J, Xu SJ (2013) Magnetic records of heavy metal pollution in urban topsoil in Lanzhou, China. Chin Sci Bull 58:384–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XS (2013a) Heavy metals in urban soils of Xuzhou, China: spatial distribution and correlation to specific magnetic susceptibility. Int J Geosci 4:309–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XS (2013b) Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Xuzhou urban topsoils by magnetic susceptibility measurements. J Appl Geophys 92:76–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XS, Qin Y (2005) Correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals in urban topsoil: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China. Environ Geol 49:10–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei B, Jiang F, Li X, Mu S (2010) Heavy metal induced ecological risk in the city of Urumqi, NW China. Environ Monit Assess 160:33–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei B, Yang L (2010) A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Microchem J 94:99–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wragg J, Cave MR (2003) Methods for the measurement of the oral bioaccessibility of selected metals and metalloids in soils: a critical review (R&D technical report P5- 062/TR/01). Environment Agency, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Wragg J, Cave MR, Taylor H, Basta N, Brandon E et al. (2009) Inter-laboratory trial of a unified bioaccessibility procedure. British Geological Survey, Open Report, OR/07/027, pp. 90

  • Xia D, Wang B, Yu Y, Jia J, Nie Y, Wang X, Xu S (2014) Combination of magnetic parameters and heavy metals to discriminate soil-contamination sources in Yinchuan—a typical oasis city of Northwestern China. Sci Total Environ 485-486:83–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong TT, Leveque T, Austruy A, Goix S, Schreck E, Dappe V, Sobanska S, Foucault Y, Dumat C (2014) Foliar uptake and metal(loid) bioaccessibility in vegetables exposed to particulate matter. Environ Geochem Health 36:897–909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang T, Liu Q, Zeng Q, Chan L (2012) Relationship between magnetic properties and heavy metals of urban soils with different soil types and environmental settings: implications for magnetic mapping. Environ Earth Sci 66:409–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yaylalı-Abanuz G (2011) Heavy metal contamination of surface soil around Gebze industrial area, Turkey. Microchem J 99:82–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yongming H, Peixuan D, Junji C, Posmentier ES (2006) Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts of Xi’an, Central China. Sci Total Environ 355:176–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yousaf B, Amina LG, Wang R, Imtiaz M, Rizwan MS, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Qadir A, Si Y (2016) The importance of evaluating metal exposure and predicting human health risks in urban–periurban environments influenced by emerging industry. Chemosphere 150:79–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuen JQ, Olin PH, Lim HS, Benner SG, Sutherland RA, Ziegler AD (2012) Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in road deposited sediments in residential and light industrial neighborhoods of Singapore. J Environ Manag 101:151–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yutong Z, Qing X, Shenggao L (2016a) Chemical fraction, leachability, and bioaccessibility of heavy metals in contaminated soils, Northeast China. Environ Sci Pollut res 23:24107–24114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yutong Z, Qing X, Shenggao L (2016b) Distribution, bioavailability, and leachability of heavy metals in soil particle size fractions of urban soils (northeastern China). Environ Sci Pollut res 23:14600–14607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C (2006) Using multivariate analyses and GIS to identify pollutants and their spatial patterns in urban soils in Galway, Ireland. Environ Pollut 142:501–511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang CX, Qiao QQ, Piper JDA, Huang BC (2011) Assessment of heavy metal pollution from a Fe-smelting plant in urban river sediments using environmental magnetic and geochemical methods. Environ Pollut 159:3057–3070

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang P, Zou B, Li NY, Li ZA (2009) Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong, China: implication for human health. Environ Geochem Health 31:707–715

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the State Scholarships Foundation (IKY) through the operational program “IKY Fellowships of Excellence for Postgraduate Studies in Greece-Siemens Program.” The first author, Dr. Anna Bourliva, would like to express her gratitude to the State Scholarships Foundation for the Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant that allowed her to perform this study at the Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Faculty of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The authors would also like to thank Prof. R. Scholger for allowing access to Gams Paleomagnetic Laboratory (University of Leoben, Austria) in order to perform the thermomagnetic analyses and Mrs. Carla Patinha (GeoBioTec, University of Aveiro, Portugal) for her help in the bioaccessibility tests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Faculty of Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Anna Bourliva, Lambrini Papadopoulou & Katerina Giouri

  2. Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Elina Aidona

Authors
  1. Anna Bourliva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lambrini Papadopoulou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elina Aidona
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Katerina Giouri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna Bourliva.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 532 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bourliva, A., Papadopoulou, L., Aidona, E. et al. Magnetic signature, geochemistry, and oral bioaccessibility of “technogenic” metals in contaminated industrial soils from Sindos Industrial Area, Northern Greece. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 17041–17055 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9355-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9355-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation