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Studies on piston bowl geometries using single blend ratio of various non-edible oils

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Abstract

The depletion of fossil fuels and hike in crude oil prices were some of the main reasons to explore new alternatives from renewable source of energy. This work presents the impact of various bowl geometries on diesel engine with diesel and biodiesel samples. Three non-edible oils were selected, namely pumpkin seed oil, orange oil and neem oil. These oils were converted into respective biodiesel using transesterification process in the presence of catalyst and alcohol. After transesterification process, the oils were termed as pumpkin seed oil methyl ester (PSOME), orange oil methyl ester (OME) and neem oil methyl ester (NOME), respectively. The engine used for experimentation was a single-cylinder four-stroke water-cooled direct-injection diesel engine and loads were applied to the engine using eddy current dynamometer. Two bowl geometries were developed, namely toroidal combustion chamber (TCC) and trapezoidal combustion chamber (TRCC). Also, the engine was inbuilt with hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC). The base line readings were recorded using neat diesel fuel with HCC for various loads. Followed by 20% of biodiesel mixed with 80% neat diesel for all prepared methyl esters and termed as B1 (20% PSOME with 80% diesel), B2 (20% OME with 80% diesel) and B3 (20% NOME with 80% diesel). All fuel samples were tested in HCC, TCC and TRCC bowl geometries under standard injection timing and with compression ratio of 18. Increased brake thermal efficiency and reduced brake specific fuel consumption were observed with diesel in TCC geometry. Also, higher heat release and cylinder pressures with lower ignition delay were recorded with TCC bowl geometry. TCC bowl geometry showed lower CO, HC and smoke emissions with B2 fuel sample than diesel and other biodiesel samples. But, higher NOx emission was observed in HCC and TCC than that in TRCC bowl geometry.

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Abbreviations

PSOME:

Pumpkin seed oil methyl ester

OME:

Orange oil methyl ester

NOME:

Neem oil methyl ester

HCC:

Hemispherical combustion chamber

TCC:

Toroidal combustion chamber

TRCC:

Trapezoidal combustion chamber

B1:

20% pumpkin seed oil methyl ester with 80% diesel

B2:

20% orange oil methyl ester with 80% diesel

B3:

20% neem oil methyl ester with 80% diesel

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency (%)

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption (kg/kWh)

CO:

Carbon monoxide (% volume)

HC:

Hydrocarbon (ppm)

NOx:

Oxides of nitrogen (ppm)

°CA:

degree crank angle

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their thanks to University Grants Commission—South Eastern Regional Office, Hyderabad, India, for financial support through minor research project for teachers with grant number 4-4/2013-14 (MRP-SEM/UGC-SERO).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Kuniamuthur, Coimbatore, 641 008, India

    Karthickeyan Viswanathan & Balamurugan Pasupathy

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  1. Karthickeyan Viswanathan
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  2. Balamurugan Pasupathy
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Correspondence to Balamurugan Pasupathy.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Highlights

• Three different biodiesels were prepared from three distinct non-edible oils and analysed in three different bowl geometries namely HCC, TCC and TRCC.

• Higher BTE and lower BSFC were observed in TCC bowl geometry.

• TCC bowl geometry showed higher heat release rate, cylinder pressure and lower ignition delay than HCC and TRCC with B2 fuel sample.

• Reduced CO, HC and smoke emissions were observed with B2 sample in TCC except NOx emission.

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Viswanathan, K., Pasupathy, B. Studies on piston bowl geometries using single blend ratio of various non-edible oils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 17068–17080 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9344-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9344-3

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