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Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters using dendrimer-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

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Abstract

Dendrimer-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for heavy metal ion removal from wastewaters were developed. Triazole dendrimers (TD) were built directly onto the carbon nanotube surface by successive click chemistry reactions affording the zero- and first-generation dendrimer-functionalized MWCNT (MWCNT-TD1 and MWCNT-TD2). The Moedritzer-Irani reaction carried out on the amino groups present on the MWCNT-TD2 sample gave the corresponding α-aminophosphonate nanosystem MWCNT-TD2P. Both MWCNT-TD2 and MWCNT-TD2P nanosystems have been characterized by physical, chemical, and morphological analyses. Their chelating abilities towards the toxic metal ions Pb2+, Hg2+, and Ni2+ and the harmless Ca2+ ion have been experimentally evaluated in the two different sets of experiments and at the salt concentrations of 1 mg/mL or 1 μg/mL by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of these studies pointed out the interesting chelating behavior for the phosphonated nanosystem towards the Hg2+ ion. The complexation mode of the best chelating system MWCNT-TD2P with mercury was investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, suggesting a chelation mechanism involving the two oxygen atoms of the phosphate group. The synthesized dendrimers, supported on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes, have shown the potential to be used for the selective toxic metal ion removal and recovery.

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  1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy

    Daniela Iannazzo, Alessandro Pistone, Ida Ziccarelli, Claudia Espro & Signorino Galvagno

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy

    Salvatore V Giofré & Roberto Romeo

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98100, Messina, Italy

    Nicola Cicero & Giuseppe D Bua

  4. Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, V.le Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy

    Giuseppe Lanza, Laura Legnani & Maria A Chiacchio

  5. Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Laura Legnani & Maria A Chiacchio

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  1. Daniela Iannazzo
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Iannazzo, D., Pistone, A., Ziccarelli, I. et al. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters using dendrimer-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 14735–14747 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9086-2

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