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An overview of nanomaterials applied for removing dyes from wastewater

  • Recent Trends for the Removal of Coloured Particles in Industrial Wastewaters
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Organic dyes are one of the most commonly discharged pollutants in wastewaters; however, many conventional treatment methods cannot treat them effectively. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed rapid development of nanotechnologies, which offered new opportunities for developing innovative methods to treat dye-contaminated wastewater with low price and high efficiency. The large surface area, modified surface properties, unique electron conduction properties, etc. offer nanomaterials with excellent performances in dye-contaminated wastewater treatment. For examples, the agar-modified monometallic/bimetallic nanoparticles have the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity of 875.0 mg/g, which are several times higher than conventional adsorbents. Among various nanomaterials, the carbonaceous nanomaterials, nano-sized TiO2, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) are considered as the most promising nanomaterials for removing dyes from water phase. However, some challenges, such as high cost and poor separation performance, still limit their engineering application. This article reviewed the recent advances in the nanomaterials used for dye removal via adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and biological treatment. The modification methods for improving the effectiveness of nanomaterials are highlighted. Finally, the current knowledge gaps of developing nanomaterials on the environmental application were discussed, and the possible further research direction is proposed.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AOPs:

Advanced oxidation processes

AQDS:

Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate

CNFs:

Carbon nanofibers

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

CA:

Cellulose acetate

CB:

Conduction band

g-C3N4 :

Graphitic carbon nitride

HS:

Humic substances

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NFW:

Nanofibrous webs

PAC:

Powdered activated carbon

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TNTs:

Titanate nanotubes

UASB:

Upflow anaerobic sludge bed

VB:

Valance band

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank the financial support from the Startup Foundation by the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University (IDH1829053/001/006) and Talents Introduction Plan of Fudan University (IDH1829005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China

    Zhengqing Cai, Youmin Sun & Jie Fu

  2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA

    Wen Liu

  3. School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China

    Fei Pan

  4. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Peizhe Sun

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  1. Zhengqing Cai
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  2. Youmin Sun
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  3. Wen Liu
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  4. Fei Pan
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  5. Peizhe Sun
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  6. Jie Fu
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Correspondence to Wen Liu or Jie Fu.

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Cai, Z., Sun, Y., Liu, W. et al. An overview of nanomaterials applied for removing dyes from wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 15882–15904 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9003-8

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