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Advances and perspective in bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soils

  • PCBs Risk Evaluation and Environmental Protection
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Abstract

In recent years, microbial degradation and bioremediation approaches of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been studied extensively considering their toxicity, carcinogenicity and persistency potential in the environment. In this direction, different catabolic enzymes have been identified and reported for biodegradation of different PCB congeners along with optimization of biological processes. A genome analysis of PCB-degrading bacteria has led in an improved understanding of their metabolic potential and adaptation to stressful conditions. However, many stones in this area are left unturned. For example, the role and diversity of uncultivable microbes in PCB degradation are still not fully understood. Improved knowledge and understanding on this front will open up new avenues for improved bioremediation technologies which will bring economic, environmental and societal benefits. This article highlights on recent advances in bioremediation of PCBs in soil. It is demonstrated that bioremediation is the most effective and innovative technology which includes biostimulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation and rhizoremediation and acts as a model solution for pollution abatement. More recently, transgenic plants and genetically modified microorganisms have proved to be revolutionary in the bioremediation of PCBs. Additionally, other important aspects such as pretreatment using chemical/physical agents for enhanced biodegradation are also addressed. Efforts have been made to identify challenges, research gaps and necessary approaches which in future, can be harnessed for successful use of bioremediation under field conditions. Emphases have been given on the quality/efficiency of bioremediation technology and its related cost which determines its ultimate acceptability.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, for the kind support and encouragement. JKS is thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, for the award of Senior Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India

    Jitendra K. Sharma, Ravindra K. Gautam, Sneha V. Nanekar, Sanjeev K. Singh & Asha A. Juwarkar

  2. Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India

    Ravindra K. Gautam

  3. POPs Environmental Consulting, Göppingen, Germany

    Roland Weber

  4. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sidney, Sidney, Australia

    Brajesh K. Singh

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  1. Jitendra K. Sharma
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  5. Brajesh K. Singh
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Correspondence to Asha A. Juwarkar.

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Sharma, J.K., Gautam, R.K., Nanekar, S.V. et al. Advances and perspective in bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 16355–16375 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8995-4

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