Nanoemulsion of Dill essential oil as a green and potent larvicide against Anopheles stephensi

Osanloo, Mahmoud; Sereshti, Hassan; Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi; Amani, Amir

doi:10.1007/s11356-017-0822-4

Research Article
Published: 17 December 2017

Nanoemulsion of Dill essential oil as a green and potent larvicide against Anopheles stephensi

Mahmoud Osanloo¹,
Hassan Sereshti²,
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat³ &
Amir Amani^1,4

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 25, pages 6466–6473 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

Indiscriminate use of industrial larvicides causes environment pollution and resistance against the larvicides in mosquitoes. Essential oils (EOs) have many biological activities such as larvicidal effects which have been proposed as new alternatives for industrial ones. Many components of EOs are volatile, thus, should be formulated to retain their activity. Components of Dill EO were identified by GC-MS analysis. Larvicidal activity (LA) of bulk Dill EO (non-formulated) was evaluated against Anopheles stephensi in line with WHO guideline for lab tests. For the first time, nanoemulsions of Dill EO were prepared. Various nanoemulsions having fixed amounts of Dill EO 1.2%, comparable with lethal concentration (LC) at 90% of bulk Dill EO, were prepared having tween 20 (5–30%) with/out ethanol (5–30%). LA of two selected nanoemulsions were then evaluated and compared with that of bulk Dill EO. Five ingredients of oil, with high amounts, were identified as p-Cymenealpha (20.81%), alpha-Phellandrene (20.75%), Carvone (10.97%), Dill ether (9.88%), and cis-Sabinol (3.61%). LC of Dill EO at 50 and 90% were found as 38.8 and 65 ppm, respectively, against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of An. stephensi (Beech-Lab strain). Particle size (PS) ranges of nanoemulsions were 10.7–1880.0 nm. LA of optimum nanoemulsion (PS: 10.7 nm) was significantly better than that of bulk Dill EO. The preparation showed stability against 200 times dilution during larvicidal tests and performed significantly better than the nanoemulsion which was not stable after dilution. To obtain improved efficiency against larvae using nanoemulsions of EOs, the nanoemulsion should be resistant against dilution. Such a stable and green nanoemulsion may be used as alternative to industrial larvicides.

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Funding

This research was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences & Health Services grant No. 95-01-87-31860.

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Affiliations

Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mahmoud Osanloo & Amir Amani
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Hassan Sereshti
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
Medical Biomaterials research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Amir Amani

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Mahmoud Osanloo
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Hassan Sereshti
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Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
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Amir Amani
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Correspondence to Amir Amani.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Osanloo, M., Sereshti, H., Sedaghat, M.M. et al. Nanoemulsion of Dill essential oil as a green and potent larvicide against Anopheles stephensi . Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 6466–6473 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0822-4

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Received: 25 July 2017
Accepted: 21 November 2017
Published: 17 December 2017
Issue Date: March 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0822-4

Keywords

Essential oil
Dill
Anethum graveolens
Nanoemulsion
Spontaneous method
Larvicidal activity
Anopheles stephensi