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Microwave-assisted enhancement of milkweed (Calotropis procera L.) leaves as an eco-friendly source of natural colorants for textile

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Abstract

Application of natural colorants to textile fabrics has gained worldwide public acceptance due to the hazardous nature of synthetic dyes. Present study investigated the microwave’s mediated extraction of natural colorants from leaves of milkweed (Calotropis procera L.) as well as their application to cotton fabrics assisted with biochemical mordants. Dye extraction from C. procera leaves was carried out in various mediums (alkali and aqueous), and the extracted dye as well as cotton fabrics was irradiated with microwaves for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 min. Effect of various temperature regimes and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations was also evaluated on the color strength of dyed cotton fabrics. The results revealed that extraction of natural colorants was enhanced when microwave radiations were applied for 4 min by using alkali as an extraction medium as compared to aqueous one. Optimum dyeing of cotton fabrics was achieved by using NaCl at a temperature of 55 °C. Among the chemical mordants, iron was effective for better color strength when used as pre- and post-mordant. Among the studied bio-mordants, extract of Acacia nilotica bark significantly improved the color strength and fastness properties as pre-mordant and Curcuma longa tuber as post-mordant. It was concluded that extract of C. procera leaves was a potential source of natural colorants and a high level of dye was obtained upon irradiation of alkali-solubilized extract for 4 min. Application of NaCl at concentration of 3 g/100 mL and temperature treatment of 55 °C significantly improved the color strength of dyed cotton fabrics.

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Acknowledgements

Our research work was financed by the Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, under annual research fund for the Department of Botany. We gratefully acknowledge the Noor Fatima Textile (Pvt) Faisalabad, Pakistan, for the evaluation of color strength and the rating of colorfastness. We also thank Dr. M. Sohail Akram for reading the MS for the English language.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Hussaan, Naeem Iqbal, Muhammad Azeem, M. Tariq Javed & Ali Raza

  2. Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Shahid Adeel

Authors
  1. Muhammad Hussaan
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  2. Naeem Iqbal
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  3. Shahid Adeel
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  4. Muhammad Azeem
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  5. M. Tariq Javed
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  6. Ali Raza
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Tariq Javed.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Electronic supplementary material

Fig. S1

Impact of microwave radiations on the color strength of dyed cotton fabrics samples with aqueous extract (a) and alkali extract (b) of milkweed leaves (RS/RC: Irradiated solution/ irradiated cotton, RS/ NRC: Irradiated solution/ un-irradiated cotton, NRS/NRC: Un-irradiated solution/ un-irradiated cotton). (DOCX 20 kb)

Fig. S2

Impact of various dyeing temperatures on the color strength of un-irradiated cotton using treated alkali extract of milkweed leaves. Significant differences for temperature treatments were represented by different letters (a-d). n = 4, Mean ± SE. (DOCX 16 kb)

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Hussaan, M., Iqbal, N., Adeel, S. et al. Microwave-assisted enhancement of milkweed (Calotropis procera L.) leaves as an eco-friendly source of natural colorants for textile. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 5089–5094 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8162-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8162-3

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