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Periodontal status in crack and cocaine addicted men: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between crack/cocaine addiction and periodontal disease in men. Periodontal examination (probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index) and interviews were performed in 160 patients (≥18 years) from the Federal University of Bahia. Crack and cocaine dependence was defined according to the medical records and interviews of each patient; all drug addicted volunteers used both crack and cocaine. T test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to assess the associations between destructive periodontal disease and crack/cocaine dependence (p ≤ 0.05). Probing depth was significantly greater in crack/cocaine addicted individuals (2.84 ± 0.76 mm) compared with non-addicted individuals (2.55 ± 0.73 mm, p = 0.04). After adjusting for covariates, periodontitis was not significantly associated with crack/cocaine addiction (OR = 2.31, 95 % CI = 0.82–6.46, p = 0.11), which was only associated with age ≥35 years (OR = 4.16, 95 % CI = 1.65–10.50, p = 0.003) and higher dental plaque index (OR = 6.46, 95 % CI = 1.95–21.42, p = 0.002). In conclusion, although probing depth was greater in crack/cocaine addicted individuals, destructive periodontal disease was not associated with crack and cocaine addiction in the present population. Destructive periodontal disease was associated with age and dental plaque. Further studies in a larger sample size are required to confirm the results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62. Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil

    Patricia Ramos Cury

  2. Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62. Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil

    Maria Graças Alonso Oliveira & Jean Nunes dos Santos

Authors
  1. Patricia Ramos Cury
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  2. Maria Graças Alonso Oliveira
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  3. Jean Nunes dos Santos
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricia Ramos Cury.

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The project was conducted in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) and was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia. Individuals who agreed to participate signed an informed consent form.

Funding

This study was supported by The Bahia Research Foundation (Grant number 8223, 2014). Dr. Cury and Dr. dos Santos are supported by a grant from the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (Ministry of Science and Technology, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil).

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Cury, P.R., Oliveira, M.G.A. & dos Santos, J.N. Periodontal status in crack and cocaine addicted men: a cross-sectional study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 3423–3429 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7918-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7918-0

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