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A tabulated review on distribution of heavy metals in various plants

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Abstract

Plants are a rich source of elements, and knowledge of their elemental composition determines their use for various purposes, especially for food and medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to create a database of the elemental composition of plants. The present review focuses on the concentration of various heavy metals as reported by various workers from time to time by using different sophisticated techniques. Cluster analysis was applied on the basis of mean values of heavy metals in plants. Co, Cu, and Cr have similar proximities. Cluster analysis was also applied to different families on the basis of their heavy metal contents. Elaeagnaceae, Adoxaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Cupressaceae, and Acoraceae had close proximities with each other. First three components of principal component analysis explained 95.7 % of the total variance. Factor analysis explained four underlying factors for heavy metal analysis. Factor 1 explained for 26.5 % of the total variance and had maximum loadings on Co, Cu, and Cr. Of the total variance, 21.7 % was explained by factor 2 and had maximum loadings on Zn and Cd. Factor 3 accounted for 19.2 % of the total variance and had maximum loadings on Ni and Pb. Mn had maximum loading on factor 4. The mean values of heavy metals as listed in this paper are Cu (18.7 μg/g dw), Mn (99.67 μg/g dw), Cr (22.9 μg/g dw), Co (19.7 μg/g dw), As (1.25 μg/g dw), Hg (0.17 μg/g dw), Zn (94.0 μg/g dw), Pb (6.93 μg/g dw), Cd (26.9 μg/g dw), Ni (19.9 μg/g dw), and Sb (0.25 μg/g dw).

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Acknowledgments

Vinod Kumar is thankful to the University with Grants Commission, New Delhi for providing research fellowship for this work. Department of Science and Technology, Government of India is duly acknowledged for providing INSPIRE fellowship to Anket Sharma.

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  1. Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Vinod Kumar, Anket Sharma, Geeta Dhunna, Renu Bhardwaj & Ashwani Kumar Thukral

  2. High Altitude Biology Division, CSIR Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Amit Chawla

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  1. Vinod Kumar
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  2. Anket Sharma
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  3. Geeta Dhunna
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Kumar, V., Sharma, A., Dhunna, G. et al. A tabulated review on distribution of heavy metals in various plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 2210–2260 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7747-1

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