Abstract
Paddy soils and rice (Oryza sativa L.) contaminated by mixed heavy metals have given rise to great concern. Field experiments were conducted over two cultivation seasons to study the effects of steel slag (SS), fly ash (FA), limestone (LS), bioorganic fertilizer (BF), and the combination of SS and BF (SSBF) on rice grain yield, Cd, Pb, and Zn and nutrient accumulation in brown rice, bioavailability of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil as well as soil properties (pH and catalase), at two acidic paddy fields contaminated with mixed heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn). Compared to the controls, SS, LS, and SSBF at both low and high additions significantly elevated soil pH over both cultivation seasons. The high treatments of SS and SSBF markedly increased grain yields, the accumulation of P and Ca in brown rice and soil catalase activities in the first cultivation season. The most striking result was from SS application (4.0 t ha−1) that consistently and significantly reduced the soil bioavailability of Cd, Pb, and Zn by 38.5–91.2 % and the concentrations of Cd and Pb in brown rice by 20.9–50.9 % in the two soils over both cultivation seasons. LS addition (4.0 t ha−1) also markedly reduced the bioavailable Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil and the Cd concentrations in brown rice. BF remobilized soil Cd and Pb leading to more accumulation of these metals in brown rice. The results showed that steel slag was most effective in the remediation of acidic paddy soils contaminated with mixed heavy metals.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Thangarajan R, Kumpiene J, Park J, Makino T, Scheckel K (2014) Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils—to mobilize or to immobilize? J Hazard Mater 266:141–166
Chen YH, Xie TH, Liang QF, Liu MJ, Zhao ML, Wang MK, Wang G (2016) Effectiveness of lime and peat applications on cadmium availability in a paddy soil under various moisture regimes. Environ Sci Pollut Res:1–10
Gu HH, Qiu H, Tian T, Zhan SS, Deng THB, Chaney RL, Wang SZ, Tang YT, Morel JL, Qiu RL (2011) Mitigation effects of silicon rich amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted on multi-metal contaminated acidic soil. Chemosphere 83:1234–1240
Houba VJG, Temminghoff EJM, Gaikhorstvan GA, Vark W (2000) Soil analysis procedures using 0.01 M calcium chloride as extraction reagent. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 31:1299–1396
Houben D, Pircar J, Sonnet P (2012) Heavy metal immobilization by cost-effective amendments in a contaminated soil: effects on metal leaching and phytoavailability. J Geochem Explor 123:87–94
Hseu ZY, Su SW, Lai HY, Guo HY, Chen TC, Chen ZS (2010) Remediation techniques and heavy metal uptake by different rice varieties in metal-contaminated soils of Taiwan: new aspects for food safety regulation and sustainable agriculture. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 56:31–52
Jiang CX, Sun HW, Sun TH, Zhang QM, Zhang YF (2009) Immobilization of cadmium in soils by uv-mutated Bacillus subtilis 38 bioaugmentation and novogro amendment. J Hazard Mater 167:1170–1177
Karaca A, Cetin SC, Turgay OC, Kizilkaya R (2011) Soil enzymes as indication of soil quality. In: Shukla G, Varma A (eds) Soil enzymology. Springer, Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, pp. 119–148
Kim KR, Kim JG, Park JS, Kim MS, Owens G, Youn GH, Lee JS (2012) Immobilizer-assisted management of metal-contaminated agricultural soils for safer food production. J Environ Manag 102:88–95
Kögel-Knabner I, Amelung W, Cao ZH, Fiedler S, Frenzel P, Jahn R, Kalbitz K, Kölbl A, Schloter M (2010) Biogeochemistry of paddy soils. Geoderma 157:1–14
Körschens M (2006) The importance of long-term field experiments for soil science and environmental research—a review. Plant Soil Environ 52:1–8
Kumpiene J, Lagerkvist A, Maurice C (2008) Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments—a review. Waste Manag 28:215–225
Li P, Wang XX, Zhang TL, Zhou DM, He YQ (2008) Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and cadmium from a contaminated soil. J Environ Sci 20:449–455
Li B, Wang X, Qi XL, Huang L, Ye ZH (2012) Identification of rice cultivars with low brown rice mixed cadmium and lead contents and their interactions with the micronutrients iron, zinc, nickel and manganese. J Environ Sci 24:1790–1798
Li ZY, Ma ZW, van der Kuijp TJ, Yuan ZW, Huang L (2014) A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China: pollution and health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ:468–469
Liu SY, Gao J, Yang YJ, Yang YC, Ye Z (2009) Adsorption intrinsic kinetics and isotherms of lead ions on steel slag. J Hazard Mater 17:558–562
Liu YZ, Zhou T, Crowley D, Li LQ, Liu DW, Zheng JW, Yu XY, Pan GX, Zhang XH, Zheng JF (2012) Decline in topsoil microbial quotient, fungal abundance and C utilization efficiency of rice paddies under heavy metal pollution across South China. PLoS One 7:e38858
Menzies NW, Donn MJ, Kopittke PM (2007) Evaluation of extractants for estimation of the phytoavailable trace metals in soils. Environ Pollut 145:121–130
Mohammed AS, Kapri A, Goel R (2011) Heavy metal pollution: source, impact, and remedies. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Goel R, Musarrat J (eds) Biomanagement of metal-contaminated soils. Springer, New York, pp. 1–28
Navarro C, Díaz M, Villa-García MA (2010) Physico-chemical characterization of steel slag. Study of its behavior under simulated environmental conditions. Environ Sci Technol 44:5383–5388
Park JH, Lamb D, Paneerselvam P, Choppala G, Bolan N, Chung JW (2011) Role of organic amendments on enhanced bioremediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils. J Hazard Mater 185:549–574
Qiu MH, Zhang RF, Xue C, Zhang SS, Li SQ, Zhang N, Shen QR (2012) Application of bio-organic fertilizer can control Fusarium wilt of cucumber plants by regulating microbial community of rhizosphere soil. Biol Fert Soils 48:807–816
Römkens PF, Guo HY, Chu CL, Liu TS, Chiang CF, Koopmans GF (2009) Characterization of soil heavy metal pools in paddy fields in Taiwan: chemical extraction and solid-solution partitioning. J Soils Sediments 9:216–228
Saki P, Mafigholami R, Takdastan A (2013) Removal of cadmium from industrial wastewater by steel slag. Jundishapur. J Health Sci 5:23–34
Sarwar N, Saifullah MSS, Zia MH, Naeem A, Bibi S, Farid G (2010) Role of mineral nutrition in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants. J Sci Food Agric 90:925–937
Tang XJ, Li X, Liu XM, Hashmi MZ, JM X, Brookes PC (2015) Effects of inorganic and organic amendments on the uptake of lead and trace elements by Brassica chinensis grown in an acidic red soil. Chemosphere 119:177–183
Wang BS, Wang BH, Gao SQ, Liu XC, Gao YM, Chen BJ, Yang H (2009) Bioremediation of soil pollution in orchard. Agri Sci Technol 10:154–157
Wu Y, Zhao CY, Farmer J, Sun J (2015) Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on pepper growth and Fusarium wilt biocontrol. Sci Hortic-Amsterdam 193:14–120
Yang LF, Zeng Q, Li HB, Yan JJ (2011) Measurement of catalase activity in soil by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Chin J Soil Sci 42:207–210 (in Chinese)
Yang X, Liu JJ, McGrouther K, Huang HG, KP L, Guo X, He LZ, Lin XM, Che L, Ye ZQ, Wang HL (2016) Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:974–984
Zeng F, Ali S, Zhang HT, Ouyang YN, Qiu BY, Wu FB, Zhang GP (2011) The influence of pH and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants. Environ Pollut 159:84–91
Zheng RL, Chen Z, Cai C, Tie BQ, Liu XL, Reid BJ, Huang Q, Lei M, Sun GX, Baltrėnaitė E (2015) Mitigating heavy metal accumulation into rice (Oryza sativa L.) using biochar amendment—a field experiment in Hunan, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:11097–11108
Zhuang P, McBride MB, Xia HP, Li NY, Li ZA (2009) Health risk from heavy metals via consumption of food crops in the vicinity of Dabaoshan mine, South China. Sci Total Environ 407:1551–1561
Zhuo L, Li H, Cheng FQ, Shi YL, Zhang QH, Shi WY (2012) Co-remediation of cadmium-polluted soil using stainless steel slag and ammonium humate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 19:2842–2848
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the National ‘863’ project of China (2012AA061510), National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 41225004), and Chinese Ministry of Agriculture Project (2013380004109583). We sincerely thank Prof. A.J.M. Baker (The Universities of Melbourne and Queensland, Australia) for his help in the initial preparation and improvement of this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri
Prof. Zhihong Ye will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM. 1
(DOC 34 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, H., Tam, N.F.Y., Yao, A. et al. Effects of alkaline and bioorganic amendments on cadmium, lead, zinc, and nutrient accumulation in brown rice and grain yield in acidic paddy fields contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 23551–23560 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7593-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7593-1