Skip to main content
Log in

Homogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of UV filter para-aminobenzoic acid in aqueous solutions

  • Advances and trends in Advanced Oxidation processes
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The presence of personal care product (PCP) residues in the aquatic environment is an emerging issue due to their uncontrolled release through graywater; for this reason, efforts are being made to develop methods to inactivate or eliminate this class of substances in the environment. In this work, homogeneous photocatalysis has been applied for the degradation of UV filter para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which exists in several types of PCPs, in order to identify the optimum degradation conditions. The oxidation of PABA by photo-Fenton and oxalate-induced photo-Fenton (ferrioxalate) processes was investigated, and the effect of various operating variables has been assessed, i.e., Fe3+ (0.0035–0.014 g L−1), H2O2 (0.025–0.2 g L−1), T (280–323 K), and type of radiation (UV-A, visible). Furthermore, experiments under optimal conditions have been performed in order to evaluate the transformation pathways and phytotoxicity of the treated PABA solution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdessalem AK, Bellakhal N, Oturan N, Dachraoui M, Oturan MA (2010) Treatment of a mixture of three pesticides by photo- and electro-Fenton processes. Desalination 250:450–455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arslan I, Balcioglu IA, Bahnemann DW (2000) Advanced chemical oxidation of reactive dyes in simulated dyehouse effluents by ferrioxalate-Fenton/UV-A and TiO2/UV-A processes. Dyes Pigments 47:207–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baba Y, Yatagai T, Harada T, Kawase Y (2015) Hydroxyl radical generation in the photo-Fenton process: effects of carboxylic acids on iron redox cycling. Chem Eng J 277:229–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babuponnusami A, Muthukumar K (2014) A review on Fenton and improvements to the Fenton process for wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Enginneering 2:557–572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun AM, Maurette MT, Oliveros E (1991) Photochemical technology. John Wiley & Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Carneiro PA, Nogueira RFP, Zanoni MVB (2007) Homogeneous photodegradation of CI Reactive Blue 4 using a photo-Fenton process under artificial and solar irradiation. Dyes Pigments 74:127–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang Y-H, Ou C-C, Yeh H-W, Yang C-S (2016) Photo-catalytic selectivity of anthranilic acid over iron oxide incorporated titania nanoparticles: influence of the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio of iron oxide. J Mol Catal A Chem 412:67–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng HP, Huang YH, Lee C (2011) Decolorization of reactive dye using a photo-ferrioxalate system with brick grain-supported iron oxide. J Hazard Mater 188:357–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Cruz MS, Barcelo D (2009) Chemical analysis and ecotoxicological effects of organic UV-absorbing compounds in aquatic ecosystems. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 28:708–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Cruz MS, Llorca M, Barcelo D (2008) Organic UV filters and their photodegradates, metabolites and disinfection by-products in the aquatic environment. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 27:873–887

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doumic LI, Soares PA, Ayude MA, Cassanello M, Boaventura RAR, Vilar VJP (2015) Enhancement of a solar photo-Fenton reaction by using ferrioxalate complexes for the treatment of a synthetic cotton-textile dyeing wastewater. Chem Eng J 277:86–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson E, Auffarth K, Eilersen AM, Henze M, Ledin A (2003) Household chemicals and personal care products as sources for xenobiotic organic compounds in grey wastewater. Water SA 29:135–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esbenshade JL, Cardoso JC, Zanoni MVB (2010) Removal of sunscreen compounds from swimming pool water using self-organized TiO2 nanotubular array electrodes. J Photoch Photobio A 214:257–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evgenidou E, Konstantinou I, Fytianos K, Poulios I (2007) Oxidation of two organophosphorous insecticides by the photo-assisted Fenton reaction. Water Res 41:2015–2027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gago-Ferrero P, Diaz-Cruz MS, Barcelo D (2012) Occurrence of multiclass UV filters in treated sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants. Chemosphere 84:1158–1165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaya UI, Abdullah AH (2008) Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants over titanium dioxide: a review of fundamentals, progress and problems. J Photoch Photobio C 9:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gernjak W, Krutzler T, Glaser A, Malato S, Caceres J, Bauer R, Fernandez-Alba AR (2003) Photo-Fenton treatment of water containing natural phenolic pollutants. Chemosphere 50:71–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaly MY, Hartel G, Mayer R, Haseneder R (2001) Photochemical oxidation of p-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2 and photo-Fenton process. A comparative study. Waste Manag 21:41–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grabowska E, Reszczyńska J, Zaleska A (2012) Mechanism of phenol photodegradation in the presence of pure and modified-TiO2: a review. Water Res 46:5453–5471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He YG, Wu CY, Kong W (2005) Theoretical and experimental studies of water complexes of p- and o-aminobenzoic acid. J Phys Chem A 109:2809–2815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ioannou LA, Fatta-Kassinos D (2013) Solar photo-Fenton oxidation against the bioresistant fractions of winery wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Enginneering 1:703–712

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA (2004) TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution: kinetic and mechanistic investigations: a review. Appl Catal B Environ 49:1–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CH, Yoon JY (2004) Temperature dependence of hydroxyl radical formation in the hv/Fe3+/H2O2 and Fe3+/H2O2 systems. Chemosphere 56:923–934

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee Y, Lee C, Yoon J (2003) High temperature dependence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation by Fe3+/H2O2 system. Chemosphere 51:963–971

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li FB, Li XZ, Liu CS, Li XM, Liu TX (2007) Effect of oxalate on photodegradation of bisphenol a at the interface of different iron oxides. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:781–787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas MS, Peres JA (2007) Degradation of Reactive Black 5 by Fenton/UV-C and ferrioxalate/H2O2/solar light processes. Dyes Pigments 74:622–629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malato S, Fernandez-Ibanez P, Maldonado MI, Blanco J, Gernjak W (2009) Decontamination and disinfection of water by solar photocatalysis: recent overview and trends. Catal Today 147:1–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mao L, Meng C, Zeng C, Ji YF, Yang X, Gao SX (2011) The effect of nitrate, bicarbonate and natural organic matter on the degradation of sunscreen agent p-aminobenzoic acid by simulated solar irradiation. Sci Total Environ 409:5376–5381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michael I, Achilleos A, Lambropoulou D, Torrens VO, Pérez S, Petrović M, Barceló D, Fatta-Kassinos D (2014) Proposed transformation pathway and evolution profile of diclofenac and ibuprofen transformation products during (sono)photocatalysis. Appl Catal B Environ 147:1015–1027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monteagudo JM, Duran A, Aguirre M, San Martin I (2010) Photodegradation of Reactive Blue 4 solutions under ferrioxalate-assisted UV/solar photo-Fenton system with continuous addition of H2O2 and air injection. Chem Eng J 162:702–709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira FC, Boaventura RAR, Brillas E, Vilar VJP (2015) Degradation of trimethoprim antibiotic by UVA photoelectro-Fenton process mediated by Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes. Appl Catal B-Environ 162:34–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muneer M, Bahnemann D (2002) Semiconductor-mediated photocatalyzed degradation of two selected pesticide derivatives, terbacil and 2,4,5-tribromoimidazole, in aqueous suspension. Appl Catal B-Environ 36:95–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro S, Fenoll J, Vela N, Ruiz E, Navarro G (2011) Removal of ten pesticides from leaching water at pilot plant scale by photo-Fenton treatment. Chem Eng J 167:42–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nogueira RFP, Guimaraes JR (2000) Photodegradation of dichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenol by ferrioxalate/H2O2 system. Water Res 34:895–901

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozaez I, Martinez-Guitarte JL, Morcillo G (2013) Effects of in vivo exposure to UV filters (4-MBC, OMC, BP-3, 4-HB, OC, OD-PABA) on endocrine signaling genes in the insect Chironomus riparius. Sci Total Environ 456:120–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou M, Kosma C, Lambropoulou D (2016) Seasonal occurrence, removal, mass loading and environmental risk assessment of 55 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Central Greece. Sci Total Environ 543:547–569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatello JJ, Oliveros E, MacKay A (2006) Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaminant destruction based on the Fenton reaction and related chemistry. Crit Rev Env Sci Tec 36:1–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riga A, Soutsas K, Ntampegliotis K, Karayannis V, Papapolymerou G (2007) Effect of system parameters and of inorganic salts on the decolorization and degradation of Procion H-exl dyes. Comparison of H2O2/UV, Fenton, UV/Fenton, TiO2/UV and TiO2/UV/H2O2 processes. Desalination 211:72–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruppert G, Bauer R, Heisler G (1993) The photo-Fenton reaction—an effective photochemical wastewater treatment process. J Photoch Photobio A 73:75–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safarzadeh Amiri A, Bolton JR, Cater SR (1997) Ferrioxalate-mediated photodegradation of organic pollutants in contaminated water. Water Res 31:787–798

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W (2001) In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Persp 109:239–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt T, Ring J, Abeck D (1998) Photoallergic contact dermatitis due to combined UVB (4-methylbenzylidene camphor/octyl methoxycinnamate) and UVA (benzophenone-3/butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane) absorber sensitization. Dermatology 196:354–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selvam K, Muruganandham M, Swaminathan M (2005) Enhanced heterogeneous ferrioxalate photo-Fenton degradation of reactive orange 4 by solar light. Sol Energ Mat Sol C 89:61–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva TFCV, Ferreira R, Soares PA, Manenti DR, Fonseca A, Saraiva I, Boaventura RAR, Vilar VJP (2015) Insights into solar photo-Fenton reaction parameters in the oxidation of a sanitary landfill leachate at lab-scale. J Environ Manag 164:32–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solar S, Getoff N, Zona R, Solar W (2011) Oxidation of ortho- and para-aminobenzoic acid. A pulse radiolysis- and gamma radiolysis study. Radiat Phys Chem 80:932–936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soto-Vázquez L, Cotto M, Ducongé J, Morant C, Márquez F (2016) Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanowires in the degradation of p-aminobenzoic acid: a comparative study with a commercial catalyst. J Environ Manag 167:23–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamimi M, Qourzal S, Barka N, Assabbane A, Ait-Ichou Y (2008) Methomyl degradation in aqueous solutions by Fenton's reagent and the photo-Fenton system. Sep Purif Technol 61:103–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tokumura M, Morito R, Hatayama R, Kawase Y (2011) Iron redox cycling in hydroxyl radical generation during the photo-Fenton oxidative degradation: dynamic change of hydroxyl radical concentration. Appl Catal B-Environ 106:565–576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsoumachidou S, Velegraki T, Poulios I (2016) TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of UV filter para-aminobenzoic acid under artificial and solar illumination. J Chem Technol Biot 91:1773–1781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu XR, Li XY, Li XZ, Li HB (2009) Degradation of melatonin by UV, UV/H2O2, Fe2+/H2O2 and UV/Fe2+/H2O2 processes. Sep Purif Technol 68:261–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue Y, Dong W, Wang X, Bi W, Zhai P, Li H, Nie M (2016) Degradation of sunscreen agent p-aminobenzoic acid using a combination system of UV irradiation, persulphate and iron(II). Environ Sci Pollut R 23:4561–4568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang M, Hu J, Ito K (1998) Characteristics of Fe2+/H2O2/UV oxidization process. Environ Technol 19:183–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zapata A, Velegraki T, Sanchez-Perez JA, Mantzavinos D, Maldonado MI, Malato S (2009) Solar photo-Fenton treatment of pesticides in water: effect of iron concentration on degradation and assessment of ecotoxicity and biodegradability. Appl Catal B-Environ 88:448–454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zapata A, Malato S, Sanchez-Perez JA, Oller I, Maldonado MI (2010) Scale-up strategy for a combined solar photo-Fenton/biological system for remediation of pesticide-contaminated water. Catal Today 151:100–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou L, Ji Y, Zeng C, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yang X (2013) Aquatic photodegradation of sunscreen agent p-aminobenzoic acid in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Water Res 47:153–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ioannis Poulios.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Suresh Pillai

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tsoumachidou, S., Lambropoulou, D. & Poulios, I. Homogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of UV filter para-aminobenzoic acid in aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 1113–1121 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7434-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7434-2

Keywords

Navigation